Background Post-dural puncture headache is a common complication after cesarean delivery. The role of fluid therapy in prevention of post-dural puncture headache is not clear. The aim of this work is to compare restrictive versus liberal perioperative fluid protocols in prevention of post-dural puncture headache. A randomized controlled trial was conducted including 100 full-term pregnant women undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal block. After receiving spinal block, all patients received 1.5 mcg/kg phenylephrine and crystalloid co-load at a rate of 10 mL/h. Patients were assigned into either restrictive group (did not receive fluid preload + received postoperative crystalloid therapy at a rate of 2 mL/kg/h till resuming oral fluids) or liberal group (received crystalloid preload 5 mL/kg before spinal block + received postoperative crystalloids at a rate of 6 mL/kg/h till resuming oral fluids. Both groups were compared according to the incidence of post-dural puncture headache, pain scores, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, incidence of post-spinal hypotension, nausea, and vomiting. Results The incidence of post-dural puncture headache was lower in the restrictive group compared to the liberal group {10(20%) vs 22(44%), P = 0.018}. All other secondary outcomes were comparable between both groups. Conclusion Restrictive fluid therapy was associated with lower incidence of PDPH after cesarean delivery without impacting patient hemodynamic profile.

Aloe vera is well known as good potential source for maintaining health conditions for both human and animal life as well. Nevertheless, the adoption of Aloe vera by Egyptian farmers is considered very low. This is attributed to the lack of information farmers possess about the cultivation, agricultural practices and economic benefits of Aloe vera at both individual and national levels as well. The major contribution of Aloe vera is derived from its industrial utilization. One of the important pharmaceutical properties that have recently been discovered for both the Aloe vera gel and whole leaf extract is the ability to improve the bioavailability of co-administrated vitamins in human subjects. Furthermore, the dried powder obtained from Aloe vera gel was successfully used to manufacture directly compressible matrix type tablets. The major theme of this paper is to raise the awareness of Aloe vera plant to both growers and policy makers in Egypt about the importance of Aloe vera and its huge uses in different cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. In addition to raise Egypt's national income and provide employment opportunities through an increase the value added of the agriculture sector. Finally using the new reclaimed lands as the GOE, is moving towards reclamation of 1.5 million feddans which requires innovation of new paradigm in development the agricultural sector. Adoption of Aloe vera in the new lands can be good example for development of agriculture in a new fashion and enhancing added value of the sector and hence the national income will be increased. This paper is conducted to demonstrate associations or relationships among different variables that affect the farmer's adoption of Aloe vera in the new reclaimed lands and the consumers attitudes towards demand for such products that contain Aloe vera and in particular cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. At the farm level, cross data is collected in a one time interview with the available Aloe vera farmer in El-Fayoum Governerate in 2014. Another survey was conducted to collect data about consumer's habits and preferences regarding demand for Aloe vera products between three consumer classes at different hours and different types of retail stores. The questionnaire was designed and protested. Data for 1146 consumers were collected, coded and analyzed. Results Emad Zaky El Hawary et al.