This research aims to compare how both employee and supervisor's gender can affect the relationship between each other in tourism organization, in terms of interaction patterns which includes many aspects such as the communication style between supervisors and subordinates, supervisor feedback, mentoring and conflict management, The cross gender combination(malemale, male female, femalefemale, female-male)are highlighted and to study which gender combination has the highest effect on relationships in the tourism organization.

This research aims to provide a better understanding of the effectiveness of existing virtual tours (VT) to induce a favorable attitude toward Alexandria"s heritage sites, through the study of the VT of the three Roman sites in Alexandria, and assessing the user"s sense of presence, experience and their effect on the attitude change towards the visited archeological sites and towards the Grӕco-Roman archeology in general. To collect the required data a self-administered online survey was used. The sampling frame included under-graduate students in the Faculty of Hotels and Tourism, Alexandria University. Three identical questionnaires were designed, investigating the research variables.Participants were asked to answer the questionnaire after performing a VT to the designated site provided to them by a link of the website. A quantitative approach was used to examine the validation of the study hypotheses; SPSS V. 24 was used for data processing. The study results supported the study hypotheses, showing that both presence and experience of the VT had an obvious effect on attitude of the visitors towards the visited heritage sites. Despite the increasing importance of the VT of heritage sites, there are few recent studies which investigate the role of these VT on attitude change of the visitors. None of these studies assessed the factors that affect their attitude particularly in the Grӕco-Roman sites of Alexandria. Thus, this study gives an insight on the effect of both presence and experience of VT on attitude of the visitors.

Background Toxoplasmosis is an infection that prevails all over the world and is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii). The current study introduces new lead compounds for the treatment of T.gondii. Methods Three novel 1,2,3-triazoles-based sulfonamide scaffold were designed, synthesized and fully characterized in order to investigate the In vitro toxoplasmacidal potency using Vero cells as host for T. gondii. Selectivity index parameter was used to express compounds efficacy in the inhibition of T. gondii proliferation, whereas the scanning electron microscopy technique was used to assess the ultrastructural changes. A significant anti-toxoplasma activity was observed with hybrid molecules compared to the sulfadiazine as a positive control. Results The results showed that the IC50 (inhibitory concentration) of the investigated compounds 3(a,b,c) were recoded as 10.335 µg/ml, 20.106 µg/ml and 5.574 µg/ml, respectively; while the used sulfadiazine exhibited 49.794 µg/ml as IC50. The investigated 1,2,3-triazole-sulfadrug molecular conjugates 3(a,b,c) revealed selectivity index at 21.028, 8.356, 28.595, respectively. All compounds were highly selective than the gold standard drug which showed selectivity index of 7. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that most tachyzoites had remarkable morphological changes after 2 hours of exposure. Conclusions These results indicate that these new candidates 3(a,b,c) have the potential to be a viable source of antiparasitic therapeutic agents, and compound 3c exhibits the highest activity against T. gondii.

Toxoplasmosis is an infection that prevails all over the world and is caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii). The current study introduces new lead compounds for the treatment of T.gondii. Three novel 1,2,3-triazoles-based sulfonamide scaffold were designed, synthesized and fully characterized in order to investigate the In vitro toxoplasmacidal potency using Vero cells as host for T. gondii. Selectivity index parameter was used to express compounds efficacy in the inhibition of T. gondii proliferation, whereas the scanning electron microscopy technique was used to assess the ultrastructural changes. A significant anti-toxoplasma activity was observed with hybrid molecules compared to the sulfadiazine as a positive control. The results showed that the IC50 (inhibitory concentration) of the investigated compounds 3(a,b,c) were recoded as 10.335 µg/ml, 20.106 µg/ml and 5.574 µg/ml, respectively; while the used sulfadiazine exhibited 49.794 µg/ml as IC50. The investigated 1,2,3-triazole-sulfadrug molecular conjugates 3(a,b,c) revealed selectivity index at 21.028, 8.356, 28.595, respectively. All compounds were highly selective than the gold standard drug which showed selectivity index of 7. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that most tachyzoites had remarkable morphological changes after 2 hours of exposure. To reveal that compound 3c exhibits the highest activity against T. gondii.

This study aimed to assess the effect of customer verbal aggression (CVA) on job burnout (JB) in frontline employee in both hotels and travel agencies, trying to reveal if there is a difference between both sectors in this context. The study additionally tested the moderation role of perceived supervisor support (PSS) in the relation between customer verbal aggression and burnout in hotels and travel agencies. Two versions of the questionnaire were distributed online. The first among hotels employees and the second was addressed to travel agencies employees; 613 were retrieved and analyzed using the version of Spss 23.0. The results showed a significant difference among the level of customer verbal aggression, job burnout, and perceived supervisor support in hotels and travel agencies. Although there was a significant relation between customer verbal aggression and job burnout among frontline employees in both settings, this relationship was moderated by PSS in hotels but not in travel agencies. Eventually, the study concludes with recommendations and practical managerial implications in this regard and it can be considered as a first step for helping practitioners to efficiently manage such a phenomenon.