The main objectives of this research are to identify the neuromarketing concept, to address the importance and advantages of using the neuromarketing approach over conventional marketing methods, to demonstrate the factors that affect tourists' purchase-decision behavior, to recognize the awareness and knowledge levels of neuromarketing in Egypt, and to investigate factors that can be influenced by applying neuromarketing techniques. Quantitative analysis was carried out on data from 472 tourists, and 82 destination marketing designers. Results revealed that neuromarketing is positively affected tourist behavior, decision-making, tourist preferences, tourist loyalty, product improvement, marketing effectiveness, marketing strategies, and sustainable product marketing. It was concluded that the usage of neuromarketing in the Egyptian destination is in its infancy, despite the level of awareness about neuromarketing being relatively high. The study contributes to providing destination policymakers full insights about neuromarketing, which provides a full picture for tourists, shows the path of tourism products development, and the need of producing new tourists' products. Destination marketing designers need to integrate neuromarketing in their marketing method, and to create smarter marketing that will increase the effectiveness of their marketing efforts.

The main aims of this study were to measure the influence of GHRM on green organizational behaviors (green employee empowerment, environmental organizational citizenship behavior, employee voice behavior, and environmental performance), and investigate the mediating role of the variables in the effect of GHRM on green organizational behaviors. We developed and tested a model that involves the effect of GHRM on green organizational behaviors and investigates their correlation to environmental performance. Data were gathered from 653 employees working in travel agencies in Egypt. Results revealed that GHRM is positively affected green organizational behaviors. It was concluded that the application of GHRM practices in Egyptian travel agencies is lacking, and the level of implementing green behaviors is in its infancy. The study contributes to providing a road map to adopt GHRM in travel agencies. Policy-makers need to modify their strategies to integrate green practices and encourage employees to act pro-environment, as well as motivate them to participate in making green decisions.

In the last years, tourists want to plan their trips and co-create their experience, which starts when they are still in their home country and collect information, and continues when have returned back. Destinations have begun to involve tourists in designing their trips and creating their whole tourism experience. As effective link or relation between tourists and particular destinations can build strong connections with certain destinations, which may lead to destination attachment. Starting from these thoughts, the main aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between tourism experience co-creation and the attachment to the Egyptian destination. The research applied quantitative approach, a questionnaire was designed, and data was collected from 575 tourists visiting Hurghada and Sharm el Skeikh. Study results revealed that the Egyptian destination has succeeded in boosting the co-creation of tourism experience. The Egyptian destination has achieved a high level of destination attachment to their tourists. Also, results showed that there is a strong significant positive correlation between tourism experience co-creation and destination attachment. This study contributes to the Egyptian destination managers by providing the important aspects that improve the co-creation of tourism experience, and which of them can affect the degree of attachment to the Egyptian destination.

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