Physical unclonable functions (PUF) are cryptographic primitives employed to generate true and intrinsic randomness which is critical for cryptographic and secure applications. Thus, the PUF output (response) has properties that can be utilized in building a true random number generator (TRNG) for security applications. The most popular PUF architectures are transistor-based and they focus on exploiting the uncontrollable process variations in conventional CMOS fabrication technology. Recent development in emerging technology such as memristor-based models provides an opportunity to achieve a robust and lightweight PUF architecture. Memristor-based PUF has proven to be more resilient to attacks such as hardware reverse engineering attacks. In this paper, we design a lightweight and low-cost memristor PUF and verify it against cryptographic randomness tests achieving a unique, reliable, irreversible random sequence output. The current research demonstrates the architecture of a low-cost, high endurance Cu/HfO$$_2/p^{++}$$ 2 / p + + Si memristor-based PUF (MR-PUF) which is compatible with advanced CMOS technologies. This paper explores the 15 NIST cryptographic randomness tests that have been applied to our Cu/HfO$$_2/p^{++}$$ 2 / p + + Si MR-PUF. Moreover, security properties such as uniformity, uniqueness, and repeatability of our MR-PUF have been tested in this paper and validated. Additionally, this paper explores the applicability of our MR-PUF on block ciphers to improve the randomness achieved within the encryption process. Our MR-PUF has been used on block ciphers to construct a TRNG cipher block that successfully passed the NIST tests. Additionally, this paper investigated MR-PUF within a new authenticated key exchange and mutual authentication protocol between the head-end system (HES) and smart meters (SM)s in an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) for smartgrids. The authenticated key exchange protocol utilized within the AMI was verified in this paper to meet the essential security when it comes to randomness by successfully passing the NIST tests without a post-processing algorithm.

This paper introduces a novel framework of coordinated voltage and frequency control strategy for islanded Microgrid (MG) operation. The proposed control schemes rely on local measurements as communication-free control approach. Therefore, the distributed controllers of the MG components have been deployed based on their slow, medium and fast dynamic responses to maintain the voltage and frequency in adherence to IEEE Standards 1547 and 929. The various voltage and frequency control responses associated with reactive power management scheme are efficiently utilized based on well-defined states of operation and transient management scheme. In each state, the roles of each device for voltage and frequency regulations are defined with its regulation capability and response time based on its local measurements. Consequently, the fast reactive power compensation and rapid frequency regulation are ensured based on the inverter based devices at challenging operating conditions. As a result, the proposed control strategy improves the voltage and frequency regulation, transient response and MG stability. A comprehensive simulation study has verified the superior performance of the communication-free approach during steady state and in response to severe disturbances. Index Terms-Islanded Microgrid, Communication-Free Coordinated Voltage and Frequency Control, Dynamic ReactivePower Reserve, Transient Response and Microgrid Stability. , IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics operating criteria. Therefore, the coordination between the DGs and OLTC is proposed with managing the active and reactive power generation from DGs to achieve an effective voltage regulation. This coordinated voltage control has inquired high band width communication infrastructure resulted in increasing the system complexity [25][26][27].In [28], a new method was proposed to minimize the requirement of communication infrastructure by employing the state estimator. The coordinated voltage control based on Multi-Agent System has been deployed among the OLTC, capacitor banks and DGs. The OLTC was controlled based on a line drop compensation scheme so that few RTUs were installed at selected buses, mainly for the DGs and capacitor banks; also, the voltage profile along the feeder was estimated. The measured and estimated voltages at all buses have been processed to identify the pilot bus to control the OLTC. Consequently, the generation status of the DGs has been accounted in controlling the OLTC to avoid the violation of operating voltage criteria along the feeder. Also, the coordinated voltage controller in the distribution network with the penetration of DGs and MG was considered as an important optimization problem formulation. In this context, several optimization techniques with different objective functions such as minimizing the voltage deviation, system losses and reducing the tap movements and switching capacitor banks have been deployed [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The voltage control for the islanded MG becomes a ...

No abstract

PV applications regularly require the control of the input voltage of DC-DC converters. Unlike conventional converter, in this study the input voltage is controlled and the output voltage is maintained constant. A linearized photovoltaic (PV) array model and buck converter with constant output voltage model were used in this paper to get the transfer function of the electronic converter and to design a voltage compensator to regulate the input voltage of the converter. Results were obtained and illustrated verifying the efficiency of the compensator used in enhancing the time-response performance of the buck-based PV system by reducing the overshoot , settling and rising time. Nonetheless, enhancing the stability of the buck-based PV system.