Background Early detection and timely referral are keys to improve survival in patients with retinoblastoma (Rb). In México, one of the main obstacles for an early diagnosis is the lack of knowledge of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate Rb comprehension in students in their last year of medical school. Procedure A questionnaire was completed by 791 students from 12 universities. Descriptive statistics from the population were obtained and every answer to each question was analyzed. Results Only 3.3% of the students got a proficiency grade. Less than 50% diagnosed Rb when an image was shown. Conclusions The students evaluated do not have the knowledge to detect the disease. It is necessary to develop continuous educational programs for first contact physicians. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1109–1112. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.