This critical review covers advances in the field of glycerol-derived solvents, with a particular focus on hazardous solvents substitution issues.

A family of glycerol derivatives, consisting of over sixty 1,3-dialkoxy-2-propanols and 1,2,3-trialkoxypropanes, both symmetrically and unsymmetrically substituted at terminal positions, have been synthesized and the possible role of these glycerol derivatives as substitutive solvents has been evaluated through measurements of their physico-chemical properties. The molecular diversity of the derivatives prepared results in significant variations of polarity properties, facilitating the identification of possible candidates for solvent substitution.

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Green solvents made from glycerol change the classical regioselectivity of Biolacta N o 5 -galactosidase, from (1→4) toward (1→6) linkages when 2M concentration was used. In order to explain these results, the non-proteic compounds present in Biolacta preparation were separated by precipitation with 10 ammonium sulfate and the remaining protein extract was used to set reactions with appropriate organic solvents to find that the regioselectivity towards the β(1 6) isomer is retained. According to proteomic analysis, a 98% homology between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Biolacta -galactosidase preparation was found. With these data, molecular modelling was done and predicts a tridimensional interaction in the enzyme active site with the donor (GlcNAc) and the water-solvent mixture that explains this 15 phenomenon.