Este artículo debe citarse como: Larenas-Linnemann D, Salas-Hernández J, Vázquez-García JC, Ortiz-Aldana I, Fernández-Vega M, Del Río-Navarro BE, et al. Guía Mexicana del Asma 2017. Rev Alerg Mex. 2017;64 Supl 1:s11-s128. AbstractBackground: The need for a national guideline, with a broad basis among specialists and primary care physicians was felt in Mexico, to try unifying asthma management. As several high-quality asthma guidelines exist worldwide, it was decided to select the best three for transculturation. Methods: Following the internationally recommended methodology for guideline transculturation, ADAPTE, a literature search for asthma guidelines, published 1-1-2007 through 31-12-2015 was conducted. AGREE-II evaluations yielded 3/40 most suitable for transculturation. Their compound evidence was fused with local reality, patient preference, cost and safety considerations to draft the guideline document. Subsequently, this was adjusted by physicians from 12 national medical societies in several rounds of a Delphi process and 3 face-to-face meetings to reach the final version. Results: Evidence was fused from British Thoracic Society Asthma Guideline 2014, Global Initiative on Asthma 2015, and Guía Española del Manejo del Asma 2015 (2016 updates included). After 3 Delphi-rounds we developed an evidence-based document taking into account patient characteristics, including age, treatment costs and safety and best locally available medication. Conclusion: In cooperation pulmonologists, allergists, ENT physicians, paediatricians and GPs were able to develop an evidence-based document for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of asthma and its exacerbations in Mexico.Keywords: Clinical practice guideline; Asthma; Asthmatic exacerbation; Bronchodilator; Inhaled corticosteroid; Spirometry; Immunotherapy. IntroducciónLa presentación de este documento muestra la importancia del asma en México por su alta prevalencia, pero también por su subdiagnóstico y tratamiento deficiente, que propician un mal control de los pacientes con asma, crisis más frecuentes y sintomatología activa. En consecuencia, el asma tiene un impacto socioeconómico considerable para el paciente y la sociedad en su conjunto, al igual que afecta la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia. En México, el paciente con asma puede recibir atención médica en los ámbitos pú-blico o privado, en los diferentes niveles de salud y por múltiples especialidades. Todas estas particularidades de la situación nacional indican la necesidad de un documento guía actualizado, con base amplia en múltiples gremios médicos, tanto de primer nivel de atención como de especialidad.El objetivo de la GUIMA 2017 es facilitar la reducción de la morbimortalidad por asma en México, no solo al mejorar el conocimiento acerca de esta patología, sino también al ayudar a la parte administrativa del Sector Salud a gestionar la selección y adquisición más precisa de los medicamentos necesarios para su tratamiento a nivel de la salud pública. Para tal fin se ofrecen lineamientos par...
Asthma guidelines suggest evaluation of peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability, but timing for the two PEF measurements is not mentioned. Usual formula calculates amplitude as percentage of mean day-night PEF values. Since PEF circadian changes follow a sinusoidal function, we reasoned that variability might be calculated by measuring PEF at 4 pm (PEF(1)) and either at 10 am or 10 pm (PEF(2)) with the formula %variability = 200 . |PEF(1)-PEF(2)|/PEF(2). Children with stable, mild intermittent asthma were recruited from an Asthma Clinic and asked to perform PEF measurements at even hours during a week, until 12 measurements covering a 24-h period were accomplished. From these measurements we calculated PEF variability through several methods. Accuracy of such methods to predict actual PEF variability was assessed through the concordance correlation coefficient (r(c)). Thirty five asthmatic children were recruited. Actual PEF variability, calculated with the usual formula using the highest and lowest PEF obtained at any time of the 24 h cycle had a median of 37.3% (range, 0-88.5%). Variability calculated through other methods was: usual formula with highest and lowest PEF obtained from the sinusoidal curve, 21.4% (r(c) = 0.79); usual formula with PEF measured at 4 pm and 4 am, 17.8% (r(c) = 0.67); proposed formula using PEF measured at 4 pm and either 10 pm, 15.9% (r(c) = 0.68), or 10 am, 17.4% (r(c) = 0.69). Some examples with PEF measured in the morning (8 am or 10 am) and at night (8 pm or 10 pm) yielded median PEF variability from 4.0% (r(c) = 0.18) to 8.7% (r(c) = 0.38). Current methods for calculating PEF variability seemed not to be accurate enough as to be confident, suggesting that an in-deep reevaluation of the usefulness of PEF variability or, conversely, of the methods to assess it, should be done.
Antecedentes: El asma sigue siendo una patología respiratoria crónica frecuente en México. Se han descrito nuevos métodos para el diagnóstico y tratamiento conforme se renuevan las guías internacionales. Objetivo: Crear la plataforma nacional Manejo Integral del Asma (MIA), para el desarrollo de lineamientos actualizados con base en evidencia. Métodos: Se utilizó el método ADAPTE. El grupo de desarrollo de MIA estuvo integrado por expertos en neumología, alergología y metodología y representantes de 13 instituciones y sociedades de especialidades que manejan asma. Las guías internacionales de referencia (seleccionadas con AGREE-II) fueron GINA 2020, GEMA 5.0, BTS/SIGN 2019 y consenso ATS/ERS 2014-2019. En MIA se aborda sospecha de asma, diagnóstico, tratamiento y grupos especiales. Se formularon preguntas clínicas clave sobre tratamiento en los pasos 1 a 3, biomarcadores y asma grave. Resultados: Con base en evidencia, seguridad, costo y realidad local, el grupo nuclear desarrolló respuestas. Mediante proceso Delphi, el grupo amplio de desarrollo sugirió ajustes hasta que se logró el consenso. Conclusión: El documento generado contiene múltiples figuras y algoritmos, está sólidamente basado en evidencia acerca del manejo del asma y fue ajustado para México con participación de diferentes sociedades para su desarrollo; no se incluyeron lineamientos para la crisis asmática. .
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