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Objective: To evaluate cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (cine-PC MRI), in healthy pediatric subjects, determining the normal flow values in this population, as well as identifying differences related to age, sex, and body surface area. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 32 healthy children and adolescents, in whom the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the cerebral aqueduct was evaluated quantitatively with cine-PC MRI. We used specialized software to analyze the images obtained with cine-PC MRI, drawing a region of interest on the aqueduct. A flow-time curve was obtained, as were automated measurements of the various parameters. Results: The following normal (mean) values were obtained: net flow, 1.10 ± 0.99 mL/m; stroke volume, 12.2 ± 10.1 μL/cycle; mean velocity, 0.72 ± 1.00 cm/s; peak systolic velocity, 5.28 ± 2.30 cm/s; peak diastolic velocity, 4.51 ± 1.77 cm/s. These values were not affected by age or sex. In addition, body surface area was not found to correlate significantly with mean velocity or stroke volume. Conclusion: In children and adolescents, the basic cerebrospinal fluid flow parameters, as determined by cine-PC MRI, appear to be independent of age and sex.

RESUMENIntroducción: El enalapril es conocido por su efecto antiproliferativo, al inhibir la Enzima de Conversión de la Angiotensina I (IECA). Revierte efectos renales de la angiotensina II entre ellos la hiperfiltración glomerular pudiendo prevenir la esclerosis. Objetivo: Analizar efecto antiproliferativo del enalaprilato en modelo renal de esclerosis en ratas wistar. Material y Métodos: 20 ratas wistar fueron divididas en 4 grupos de 5. Grupo1: tratado con enalaprilato luego de nefrectomía. Grupo 2: enalaprilato previo a la nefrectomía. Grupo 3: nefrectomía sin tratamiento. Grupo 4: enalaprilato sin nefrectomía. Dosis fue de 60 mg/Kg/día por cánula orogástrica por 1 mes. Ratas fueron sacrificadas tomándose muestras histológicas de los riñones. Fueron evaluados tamaño y peso del riñón y estadificación por grado de la lesión glomerular. Los datos se muestran en promedio y DE, y por frecuencia y porcentaje. Resultados: 87% de las ratas sobrevivieron a la nefrectomía. El promedio general del tamaño renal fue de 20x10 mm y el peso renal del G1: 1,6 ±0. 1g; G2: 1,7±0,5g; G3:2,0±0,2g y G4:1,7±0,1g. El grado máximo de glomeruloesclerosis fue grado 1(expansión mensagial/ engrosamiento de la membrana basal y/o irregularidades de las luces de los capilares); el G1 presentó 50% de afectación, G2 presentó 25 %, G3 mostró 60% y G4 sin afectación glomerular. Conclusión: El enalaprilato previene el grado de glomeruloesclerosis en el grupo G2 demostrando que administrado antes de la nefrectomía la evolución de la esclerosis disminuye en relación al G1 y G3.Con esto podemos probar el efecto antiproliferativo del IECA. To analyze antiproliferative effect of enalaprilat in renal sclerosis model in unilateral nephrectomized wistar rats. Material. Methods: 20 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 5. Group 1: treatment with enalaprilat after nephrectomy. Group 2: enalaprilat prior to nephrectomy. Group 3: nephrectomy without treatment. Group 4: enalaprilat without nephrectomy. Dose was 60 mg / kg / per day by orogastric cannula for 1 month. Rats were sacrificed and kidney tissue samples were taken. Were evaluated size and kidney weight and glomerular injury staging by frequency and percentage. Results: 87 % of the rats survived nephrectomy. The renal size average was 20x10 mm and kidney weight of G1: 1.6 ± 0.1g; G2: 1.7 ± 0.5g; G3: 2.0 ± 0.2 g and G4 1.7 ± 0.1 g. The maximum degree of glomerulosclerosis was grade 1 (mensagial expansion / thickening of the basement membrane and / or irregularities lights capillaries); G1 showed 50 % involvement, 25 % presented G2, G3 and G4 showed 60 % without glomerular involvement. Conclusion: enalaprilat prevents glomerulosclerosis in G2 demonstrating administered before nephrectomy sclerosis developments decreases relative to the G1 and G3and this can prove antiproliferative effect of ACE inhibitors.

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Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of an aneurysm is a severe condition, associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. There are few cases in the literature of rupture of an aneurysm of the persistent trigeminal artery. This is the case of a 62-year-old female who has suffered multiple ruptures of aneurysms, in different decades of her life, with the development of de novo aneurysm, been this the presented case, a rupture of aneurysm of the persistent trigeminal artery. This patient has survival to these conditions and remain without important morbidity. The case manifested with a clinical picture of third and seventh cranial nerve deficit, which this last one, there are not previous publications of cases with this deficit. This aneurysm was embolized with coils, and the postoperative condition was satisfactory, been discharged at 4 postoperative days.