Total hip joint replacement offers dramatic improvement in the quality of life but periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most devastating complication of this procedure. The infection threatens the function of the joint, the preservation of the limb, and occasionally even the life of the patient due to long term hospitalization and high cost. For the surgeon it is a disastrous burden, which requires repeated, complicated procedures to eradicate infection and to provide a mobile joint without pain. Yet in the absence of a true gold standard, the diagnosis of PJI can be elusive. Synovial fluid aspiration, diagnostic imaging, traditional culture, peripheral serum inflammatory markers, and intraoperative frozen sections each have their limitations but continue to be the mainstay for diagnosis of PJI. Treatment options mainly include thorough irrigation and debridement with prosthesis retention, or a two-stage prosthesis exchange with intervening placement of an antibiotic-loaded spacer. Success in treating PJI depends on extensive surgical debridement and adequate and effective antibiotic therapy. Treatment in two stages using a spacer is recommended for most chronic PJI. Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention is the obvious choice for treatment of acute PJI, with good success rates in selected patients. This article presents an overview of recent management concepts for PJI of the hip emphasizing diagnosis and the clinical approach, and also share own experience at our institution.

Specimens were weighed before and after their anneals to The ternary compound Ti 3 Al 1؊x N 2 was found to be stable detect any volatilization losses. In addition, combined TGA and between }1523 and 1673 K and tended to be deficient in DTA were made up to 1873 K, at a heating rate of 5 K/min, to aluminum where 0.0 , x , 0.3. X-ray diffraction indicated better understand the reaction processes. These analyses were that the ternary compound possessed a hexagonal structure conducted in alumina crucibles covered with platinum lids and with unit-cell dimensions of a 0 ‫؍‬ 2.990 Å and c 0 ‫؍‬ 23.3854in UHP argon. Å . The existence of the compound "Ti 3 Al 2 N 2 " that had been Microstructure and composition analyses were made reported previously could not be confirmed for any experiusing a combined scanning electron microscope/microprobe mental conditions at 1 atm pressure.(Model 8000, Superprobe, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) coupled with wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy (WDS). The WDS analysis was conducted using an electron beam accelerated by a I. Introduction voltage of 10 kV and a beam current of 10 nA, with a counting T HE first extensive study of phase equilibria in the Ti-Al-N rate of 10 counts/(sиnA). Compositional standards included alusystem was conducted at 1273 and 1573 K by Schuster and minum oxide and titanium metal for elemental analysis of Bauer, 1 who discovered two ternary compounds, Ti 3 AlN and aluminum, titanium, and oxygen (as impurity). Nitrogen was Ti 3 Al 2 N 2 , in addition to Ti 2 AlN that had been previously identimeasured "by difference," because a partial overlap of the Ti Lᐉ fied by Jeitschko, Nowotny, and Benesovky. 2 We recently line (395.4 eV) with the N K␣ emission (392.7 eV) interfered examined this system experimentally over a much broader with direct measurement. To improve the accuracy in determinrange of temperatures between 900 and 1873 K and at 1 atm ing the nitrogen content, calibrations were performed using pressure. 3,4 Results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed titanium nitride (TiN 1Ϫx ) of known stoichiometry and aluminum the existence of a phase closely corresponding to the pattern nitride. Because of the very likely situation of oxygen contamireported for "Ti 3 Al 2 N 2

Typical polyol-based synthesis of silver nanowire employs insulating polymer as a surfactant for the silver nanowire growth, which limits direct contact between each nanowire and thus its optoelectronic properties. We herein demonstrate that a simple solvent treatment effectively removes the insulating polymer around Ag NWs, leading to significantly decreased sheet resistance (~12 Ω/sq) with an increased transmittance (81% @ T550), as compared to other post-treatments. We successfully demonstrate the transparent film heaters using the solvent-treated Ag NWs network, which rapidly exhibited 150 °C under a bias of 5 V. Flexible film heaters on plastic substrate is also demonstrated, suggesting a great potential of the solvent treatment process of Ag NWs for flexible transparent electrode and film heater applications.