Background: Reconstruction of the orbital area remains a challenge in many cases. The recently introduced mirroring technology provides surgeons with patient-specific information for accurate orbital reconstruction; its premise is that the three-dimensional anatomy of craniofacial bone is symmetric. The purpose of this study was to verify this premise of the mirroring technology by assessing three-dimensional asymmetry. Methods: Facial computed tomographic data of 104 patients were imported into iPlan software. Four reference points (i.e., zygomaticofrontal suture, frontomaxillary suture, infraorbital foramen, and optic canal) were set, and the three-dimensional distances from these points to the anterior nasal spine on the mirroring plane were calculated. In addition, the orbital cavity volume and the three-dimensional distances from point optic canal to the other reference points were calculated for the assessment of the orbit anatomy. Three plastic surgeons performed these processes independently. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the three-dimensional distances between anterior nasal spine and the four reference points bilaterally. Also, no statistically significant difference in the three-dimensional distances between the point representing the optic canal and other reference points was detected bilaterally. Orbital cavity volume showed a mild asymmetry, but the discrepancy was acceptable for computer-aided design applications. For all reference points, the maximum value of the 95 percent CI was less than 1.4 mm. Conclusions:The three-dimensional location of the orbits and the three-dimensional anatomy of the orbit were symmetric. Thus, the mirroring technology could be a reliable first step in computer-aided design, computer-assisted surgery, and navigation-assisted surgery.

Background and Objectives High fluence diode lasers have emerged as the gold standard for removal of unwanted hair. Lowering the energy should result in less pain but could theoretically affect the efficacy of the therapy. The author designed this study to compare the efficacy of a low fluence 808-nm diode laser to that of a high fluence 808-nm diode laser for permanent hair removal in Korean women. Materials and Methods The author classified 26 Korean women into 2 groups. The groups received laser treatment for either the forearm or the lower leg using a low fluence HR808 prototype diode laser on one side and a high fluence laser on the other side at 1-month intervals. Hair counts and thickness were recorded by folliscope and photograph at each follow-up visit and at the 3-month follow-up after the final laser treatment. At the final visit, patients were surveyed regarding pain and satisfaction. Three plastic surgeons assessed the results by photograph. Results In the forearm group, the median reduction of hair density was 14.4% with low fluence and 19.0% with high fluence. The hair thickness reduction rate was 50% with low fluence and 65.6% with high fluence. Pain scores were 1.91 and 2.1, respectively. In the lower leg group, the median reduction of hair density was 45.9% with low fluence and 63.7% with high fluence. The hair thickness reduction rate was 57.7% with low fluence and 60.7% with high fluence. Pain scores were 2 and 2.4, respectively. Conclusion High fluence HR808 prototype diode laser can efficiently remove unwanted hair. In terms of treatment comfort, there was no significant difference compared to low fluence mode.

Nasal tip plasty is a surgery that determines important rhinoplasty outcomes. A variety of autologous and alloplastic implants are utilized in this procedure, including 1 synthetic material known as polycaprolactone (PCL). This study provides background on the ready-made three-dimensional printed PCL implant for nasal lobule correction, before discussing the usefulness and effectiveness of the implant. A total of 23 patients who visited our hospital between January 2018 and January 2020 were evaluated in this study. We used 3 types of PCL implant to get an ideal shape for the nasal tip: tipball (globular shape), droneball (rugby ball shape), and dumbbell (dumbbell shape). The authors compared nasolabial angle and tip projection at the preoperative and postoperative period via photographic anthropometric analysis. In 4 patients, we also examined the dead space between the implant and soft tissue via ultrasonography. The follow-up period averaged 9.5 months and no serious complications were found after surgery. The nasolabial angle and tip projection had an average postoperative increase of 6.48 and 0.044, respectively. Ultrasonography revealed the attachment of the implant at the insertion site and no dead space was found. This is the first attempt to apply a readymade three-dimensional printed PCL implant to a nasal lobule correction procedure. As the implant was easy to use and showed good results, it may be useful for aesthetic purposes in future nasal tip plasty procedures.