Detection of disease-associated, cell-free nucleic acids enables early diagnostics, genotyping, and personalized therapy, but is challenged by their low concentration and sequence homology with abundant wild-type nucleic acids. We describe a novel approach, dubbed NAVIGATER, for Nucleic Acid enrichment Via DNA-Guided Argonaute from Thermus thermophilus (TtAgo) that allows for specific cleavage of guide-complementary DNA and RNA with single nucleotide precision.NAVIGATER greatly increases the fractions of rare alleles, enhancing the sensitivity of downstream detection such as ddPCR, sequencing, and clamped enzymatic amplification. We demonstrated 60-fold enrichment of KRAS G12D and nearly 100-fold increased sensitivity of clamped-PCR (PNA and XNA-PCR), enabling detection of low-frequency (0.01%) mutant alleles (~1 copy) in blood samples of pancreatic cancer patients. NAVIGATER surpasses Cas9-DASH, identifying more mutation-positive samples when combined with XNA-PCR. Moreover, TtAgo does not require the target to contain any specific (PAM-like) motifs; is a multi-turnover enzyme; cleaves ssDNA, dsDNA, and RNA targets in a single assay; and operates at elevated temperatures, providing high selectivity and compatibility with polymerases. The here-described NAVIGATER approach has important advantages over other enrichment methods.

<p>Rapid progression in genetic modification research has made gene editing increasingly cheaper and easier to use. CRISPR-Cas9 for example, allows for the specific alteration of the genome of an organism with relative simplicity and low costs. This raised a worrying question; can genetic modification techniques be used to create novel bioweapons? A specific scenario is the initiation of a synthetic gene drive for malicious purposes. A synthetic gene drive can be used to quickly spread a mutation through an entire population. This mutation could alter vectors in such a way that they will spread human diseases or eradicate essential organisms. Since a gene drive spreads efficiently through a population, timely detection is essential. Thus, a quick and field deployable screening method is needed to counteract the malicious use of gene drives. </p> <p>Here, we show a battery-operated, sensitive screening method, named CRISPR-Clear, for the detection of gene drive modified organisms. CRISPR-Clear is based on the combination of three components: 1) A DNA amplification technique known as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detecting the presence of a gene drive; b) a portable battery-operated Arduino device which heats up the sample to allow DNA amplification, and c) a naked-eye visualization of the results. </p> <p>We designed and tested six LAMP primers targeting a Cas9 endonuclease-based gene drive, assembled a battery-operated Arduino device and tested the naked-eye visualization method. In addition, we were able to detect the presence of the Cas9 gene, extracted from a transformed bacteria, providing a proof-of-concept of the CRISPR-Clear device.</p>