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This article brings together in a comprehensive way, and for the first time, on- and off-site palaeoenvironmental data from the area of the Central European lake dwellings (a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site since 2011). The types of data considered are as follows: high-resolution off-site pollen cores, including micro-charcoal counts, and on-site data, including botanical macro- and micro-remains, hand-collected animal bones, remains of microfauna, and data on woodland management (dendrotypology). The period considered is the late Neolithic (c. 4300–2400 cal. BC). For this period, especially for its earlier phases, discussions of land-use patterns are contradictory. Based on off-site data, slash-and-burn – as known from tropical regions – is thought to be the only possible way to cultivate the land. On-site data however show a completely different picture: all indications point to the permanent cultivation of cereals ( Triticum spp., Hordeum vulgare), pea ( Pisum sativum), flax ( Linum usitatissimum) and opium-poppy ( Papaver somniferum). Cycles of landscape use are traceable, including coppicing and moving around the landscape with animal herds. Archaeobiological studies further indicate also that hunting and gathering were an important component and that the landscape was manipulated accordingly. Late Neolithic land-use systems also included the use of fire as a tool for opening up the landscape. Here we argue that bringing together all the types of palaeoenvironmental proxies in an integrative way allows us to draw a more comprehensive and reliable picture of the land-use systems in the late Neolithic than had been reconstructed previously largely on the basis of off-site data.

Das Fischerhaus an der Schulgasse - seinen Namen verdankt es dem Beruf früherer Bewohner - war ein Kleinbauernhaus aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Es zeugte bis 1999 als eines der letzten alten Häuser vom 1907 in die Stadt Basel eingemeindeten Dorf Kleinhüningen. Die Grabung lieferte eine Menge an Informationen zur Dorfgeschichte und zur Sachkultur, insbesondere in Bezug auf neuzeitliche Keramik. Beiträge zur Archäobotanik und Archäozoologie bieten wertvolle Ergänzungen, die Aussagen bezüglich Landschaftsbild sowie Lebensweise und Ernährungsgewohnheiten vom Mittelalter bis ins 19. Jahrhundert ermöglichen.

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