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One of the most well-known, highly utilized reagents for ether cleavage is boron tribromide (BBr3), and this reagent is frequently employed in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with ethers. Density functional theory calculations predict a new mechanistic pathway involving charged intermediates for ether cleavage in aryl methyl ethers. Moreover, these calculations predict that one equivalent of BBr3 can cleave up to three equivalents of anisole, producing triphenoxyborane [B(OPh)3] prior to hydrolysis. These predictions were validated by gas chromatography analysis of reactions where the BBr3:anisole ratio was varied. Not only do we confirm that sub-stoichiometric equivalents may be used for ether demethylation, but the findings also support our newly proposed three cycle mechanism for cleavage of aryl methyl ethers.

Zinc-nickel alloys with 8-15% nickel were deposited onto stainless steel for corrosion protection. Alkaline deposition conditions were utilized given that alkaline systems have been found to offer superior substrate coverage which results in better corrosion protection of the metal substrate (stainless steel) compared to acid bath depositions. This method utilizes ammonium hydroxide as the base source with a working pH range of 9-9.5. Sodium acetate was used as the complexing ligand as it was found to stabilize the metal ions in the electrolytic solution. Strongly adhering, quality deposits were obtained with electrodeposition at room temperature. Bath compositions and applied potential had an effect on morphology of the films as seen in scanning electron microscopy. Upon examination by x-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy, all deposits were confirmed as γ phase zinc-nickel alloys with a nickel content of 8-15%. The corrosion potential for the γ-phase coatings was improved over the pure zinc coatings.

Zinc-nickel alloys with 8-15% nickel were deposited onto stainless steel for corrosion protection. Alkaline deposition conditions were utilized given that alkaline systems have been found to offer superior substrate coverage which results in better corrosion protection of the metal substrate (stainless steel) compared to acid bath depositions. This method utilizes ammonium hydroxide as the base source with a working pH range of 9-9.5. Sodium acetate was used as the complexing ligand as it was found to stabilize the metal ions in the electrolytic solution. Strongly adhering, quality deposits were obtained with electrodeposition at room temperature. Bath compositions and applied potential had an effect on morphology of the films as seen in scanning electron microscopy. Upon examination by x-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy, all deposits were confirmed as γ phase zinc-nickel alloys with a nickel content of 8-15%. The corrosion potential for the γ-phase coatings was improved over the pure zinc coatings.

No abstract