Although previous meta-analyses have indicated a connection between inquiry-based teaching and improved student learning, the type of instruction characterized as inquiry based has varied greatly, and few have focused on the extent to which activities are led by the teacher or student. This metaanalysis introduces a framework for inquiry-based teaching that distinguishes between cognitive features of the activity and degree of guidance given to students. This framework is used to code 37 experimental and quasiexperimental studies published between 1996 and 2006, a decade during which inquiry was the main focus of science education reform. The overall mean effect size is .50. Studies that contrasted epistemic activities or the combination of procedural, epistemic, and social activities had the highest mean effect sizes. Furthermore, studies involving teacher-led activities had mean effect sizes about .40 larger than those with student-led conditions. The importance of establishing the validity of the treatment construct in metaanalyses is also discussed.

Este artículo presenta la experiencia del uso de un conjunto de técnicas de aprendizaje combinadas en el contexto de una asignatura de segundo curso de ingeniería (campos electromagnéticos), prestando una atención especial al punto de vista de los alumnos y a su percepción de utilidad para ellos mismos. Entre las técnicas usadas hay algunas más tradicionales como clases magistrales o resolución de problemas a cargo del profesor, y otras más innovadoras como videos, pruebas de un minuto, resúmenes orales diarios y trabajo en equipo en el aula. Las escuelas de ingenieros han sido tradicionalmente poco dadas a cambios radicales en sus métodos de enseñanza, pero al mismo tiempo, la evolución actual de los requerimientos de la industria, las hace especialmente conscientes de la necesidad urgente de nuevas ideas en el campo de la docencia, colocándolas en una posición de liderazgo en el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de enseñanza. Este trabajo pretende ser un paso decidido en la dirección de un cambio positivo de los estudios de ingeniería. Abstract-This paper presents the experience of trialling a variety of combined learning techniques in the framework of a second-year engineering subject (Electromagnetic Fields), paying special attention to the point of view of the students and the usefulness perceived by them. The techniques include both traditional ones such as lecturing and problem solving by the teacher, as well as more innovative ones such as videos, minute papers, daily summary presentations and in-class team working. Engineering schools have been traditionally reluctant to implement profound changes in their teaching techniques but at the same time, the current evolution of the requirements of the industrial sector makes them aware of the urgent need for new ideas in the field of teaching, and so inevitably gives them a potentially leading role in the development of new classroom techniques. This work is intended as a firm step in the direction of positive change for engineering studies.

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Further validation of the Vengeance Scale was explored. Scores on the scale were significantly and positively correlated with measures of hypermasculinity and inversely correlated with personal values of kindness and self-control for 25 men; however, college women's scores did not correlate significantly with either kindness or self-control. Further research is needed to assess whether the scale is valid for men as well as women.

The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. v