The frequency and immunological background of dermatitis occurring in lichen pickers during the 3- to 4-month picking season were studied in a small community in northern Finland. Thirty of 164 lichen pickers had suffered from dermatitis at least on the fingers and the dorsa of their hands, and many of them also had dermatitis on their forearms, faces, etc. Fifteen of them were subjected to epicutaneous and photo-epicutaneous testing with crushed Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rab. and some fractions of it. Allergic contact reactions were seen in nine subjects, three of whom also had positive photo-epicutaneous test reactions from lichen allergens. No immediate reactions were seen in scratch or scratch chamber tests with crushed Cl. alpestris or with its alcoholic extract.
Introduction and hypothesis This study was aimed at investigating the long-term effectiveness of minimally invasive mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery and at comparing the outcomes between retropubic (tension-free vaginal tape, TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) methods in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) with a predominant stress component in a long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Methods This work is a long-term follow-up study of a previous prospective randomized trial conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Oulu University Hospital between January 2004 and November 2006. The original 100 patients were randomized into the TVT (n=50) or TOT (n=50) group. The median follow-up time was 16 years, and the subjective outcomes were evaluated using internationally standardized and validated questionnaires. Results Long-term follow-up data were obtained from 34 TVT patients and 38 TOT patients. At 16 years after MUS surgery, the UISS significantly decreased from a preoperative score in the TVT (11.88 vs 5.00, p<0.001) and TOT (11.05 vs 4.95, p<0.001) groups, showing a good long-term success of the MUS surgery in both groups. In comparing the TVT and TOT procedures, the subjective cure rates did not differ significantly between the study groups in long-term follow-up according to validated questionnaires. Conclusion Midurethral sling surgery had good long-term outcomes in the treatment of SUI and MUI with a predominant stress component. The subjective outcomes of the TVT and TOT procedures were similar after a 16-year follow-up.
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