Halofantrin in the treatment of imported malaria in non-immune travellersThe efficacy (criteria: cure rate, time to resolution of fever or absence of parasites) and safety (criteria: clinical side effects, altered laboratory parameters) of halofantrin were investigated in a multi-centre study of 96 non-immune patients (71 men, 25 women, mean age 34.3 [21-62] years) with malaria imported from regions of high resistance into Germany or Switzerland. The initial 63 patients received one-day treatment (three doses of 500 mg halofantrin), while the last 33 patients received an additional course of treatment one week later. Treatment was curative in all patients in the second group, but relapses occurred in five of the 41 patients (12.2%) with falciparum malaria who received one-day therapy. Fever resolved after a mean of 45 hours and parasites were absent after a mean of 66 hours. There were small increases in transaminase values (most probably because of the infection) in five patients, but all became normal again within a few days. -Halofantrin is a safe drug and is suitable for both therapy and stand-by therapy of resistant Plasmodium infections. Treatment should be repeated after 7 days.Die Therapie und Chemoprophylaxe der Malaria hat zwei aktuellen Phänomenen Rechnung zu tragen: Zum einen existiert eine weit verbreitete und noch fortschreitende Multiresistenz bei Plasmodium falciparum (5,13,14,18), zum anderen haben bewährte Antimalariamittel teilweise beträchtliche Nebenwirkungen. Beispiele für letzteres sind die tödlichen kutanen Reaktionen (StevensJohnson-Syndrom) nach Gabe von PyrimethaminSulfadoxin (Fansidar®) (1, 6, 3) und die mittleren bis schweren neuropsychiatrischen Reaktionen nach Mefloquin (20,24), die mit einer Häufigkeit von 1 : 215 nach therapeutischer Gabe beschrieben wurden (27). Es werden daher dringend alternative Medikamente benötigt, deren Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit beurteilt werden müssen. Da sich ferner eine Entwicklung zur sogenannten Stand-by-Therapie andeutet (9, 29), sollten neue Medikamente auch im Hinblick auf diese Indikation kritisch überprüft werden.
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