In the last years several attempts have been made in order to lower the emissions from carbon bonded refractories by keeping or improving the mechanical, thermal and chemical properties.The introduction of carbo-resins opens the horizon for a low emission binder system in the so called cold processing of carbon bonded refractories. In terms of this work a variety of phenolic resin binders has been combined with carbo-resin in order to improve the anisotropic structure for advanced chemical and thermo mechanical properties with 14 wt.% residual carbon. Samples from industrial bricks have been used in order to measure the cold crushing strength, the hot modulus of rupture and the oxidation behaviour. The microstructure has been evaluated due to SEMmicrographs and porosimetry. In a further step corrosion finger tests have been carried out by simulating the oscillation of the mould and relative movement of the steel and the slag against the refractory component. The investigations have been completed by flexibility measurements in a special device by defining the stress/strain behaviour.Due to the new binder combinations the task of lowering emissions as well as improving the mechanical and thermal performance has been achieved.

Investigation of Rearrangement Reactions of Cyclic Ally1 and Pentadienyl AnionsBicyclo[3.1.0]hexeny1 anion (1) and bicyclo[3.2.0]heptenyl anion (2) rearrange in THF to monocyclic pentadienyl anions, whereas bicyclo[3.3.0]octeny1 anion 3 is stable under the reaction conditions. 3 in contrary is formed by the known electrocyclic ring closure of cyclooctadienyl anion 7. Rearrangements of cyclopentenyl anion and pentadienyl anion are not detected. Cyclic ally1 anions are alkylated by ethene, formed by cleavage of THF with base or independently added. 6,6-Dimethylcyclohexadienyl anion undergoes slow fragmentation to toluene at room temperature.

ESR spectroscopic investigation of l a and 2a in the temperature range from -85 to + 100°C shows that 2 a rearranges to l a at 0°C and that l a is stable up to + 100°C. The corresponding anions 1 b and 2 b, made by proton abstraction from the hydrocarbons with (trimethylsily1)methyl potassium, isomerize at room temperature finally to toluene.Das Umlagerungsverhalten organischer Molekule hat fur die Entwicklung der mechanistischen organischen Chemie eine bedeutsame Rolle gespielt, wie exemplarisch die Entwicklung der Regeln zur Erhaltung der Orbitalsymmetrie gezeigt haben I). In diesen Rahmen sind auch Umlagerungsreaktionen reaktiver Zwischenstufen wie Carbokationen, Carbanionen und freie Radikale einzuordnen2

Bei ‐78°C erfahrt das aus dem Gemisch des exo‐ und endo‐Ethers (I) erzeugte bicyclische Anion (II) eine Ring‐ Öffnung, sodaß bei Zugabe von CH3OH auch in Gegenwart von tert.‐Butanol nur das Dien (III) als Hauptprodukt erhalten wird.

In einer Atlamantanmatrix entsteht durch Röntgenbestrahlung aus dem Bicyclohepten tl) neben dem hydrierten Radikal das Radikal (II) im Verhältnis 4: l. Bei 0°C (′ lagert sich (II) unter Ringöffntmg in das bis 95°C (‐′ stabile Radikal (III) um.