Congenital chloride losing diarrhea (CCLD) is a rare type of chronic watery diarrhea due to mutations in SLC26A3 gene leading to defective chloride–bicarbonate exchanges with the resultant loss of chloride and retention of bicarbonate. We aim to define pediatric Saudi CCLD patients’ characteristics to achieve prompt diagnosis, management, follow up with good quality of life, and prevention of complications in these patients. We carried retrospective data review of demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, and outcome of all pediatric patients fulfilling the criteria of CCLD over 10 years from 2004 to 2014 from a single center in Taif region, Saudi Arabia. Forty-nine patients fulfilled the criteria of CCLD from 21 families with more than one affected patient in the same family in 90% of them and positive consanguinity in 91% of the cohort. Most patients were born preterm with intrauterine growth restriction and usually neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions with prematurity and its complications. Thirteen patients were discharged without diagnosis of CCLD and 3 were misdiagnosed as intestinal obstruction with unnecessary surgical intervention. Many complications do existed with renal complications being the most common with three patients received renal transplantation. Prematurity with abdominal distension and stool like urine were the commonest presentation of CCLD in Saudi children. Positive consanguinity and more than one affected sibling are present in most of our cohort. High index of suspicion by clinicians is a cornerstone for early diagnosis with subsequent favorable outcome. A multicenter national incidence study of CCLD in KSA and its genetic attributes is recommended. Premarital screening should be implemented specially for consanguineous marriage.

Background: Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly among premature infants. Blood culture is the ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis but is associated with several pitfalls. Aim of the work: We aim to evaluate the validity of measuring serum (S.Hep) and urinary hepcidin (U.Hep) concentrations as diagnostic biomarkers for late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants. Patients and Methods: The current case-control study included 73 cases of clinically and laboratory confirmed late-onset sepsis as the ‘case group’ and 50 nonseptic premature infants of comparable age and sex as the ‘control group’. S.Hep and U.Hep concentrations were evaluated at enrollment (acute sample) and after 1 week of treatment (convalescent sample). Results: Patients had a statistically significant higher concentration of both S.Hep and U.Hep as compared with nonseptic controls ( p = 0.0001). Similarly, a significant reduction of both S.Hep and U.Hep was detected after 1 week of treatment ( p = 0.001). A cut-off value of ⩾ 94.8 ng/ml of S.Hep and ⩾ 264 ng/mg of U.Hep/urinary creatinine showed high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of neonatal LOS. Conclusions: Both S.Hep and U.Hep can function as promising accurate and rapid surrogate tests for the diagnosis of LOS. U.Hep measurement has the advantage of being noninvasive, with no hazards of phlebotomy, and is less variable throughout the day.