No abstract

Background: The primates are among the most broadly studied mammalian orders, with the published literature containing extensive analyses of their behavior, physiology, genetics and ecology. The importance of this group in medical and biological research is well appreciated, and explains the numerous molecular phylogenies that have been proposed for most primate families and genera. Composite estimates for the entire order have been infrequently attempted, with the last phylogenetic reconstruction spanning the full range of primate evolutionary relationships having been conducted over a decade ago.

Background: This review focused on evaluation of United Kingdom social prescribing schemes published in peer-reviewed journals and reports. Schemes, including arts, books, education and exercise "on prescription" refer patients to community sources of non-clinical intervention. Method: A systematised review protocol appraised primary research material evaluating social prescribing schemes published 2000-2015. Searches were performed in electronic databases using keywords, and articles were screened for evaluation of patient data, referral process, assessment method and outcomes; non-evaluated articles were excluded. Results: Of 86 schemes located including pilots, 40 evaluated primary research materials: 17 used quantitative methods including 6 randomised controlled trials; 16 qualitative methods, and 7 mixed methods; 9 exclusively involved arts on prescription. Conclusions: Outcomes included increase in self-esteem and confidence; improvement in mental well-being and positive mood; and reduction in anxiety, depression and negative mood. Despite positive findings, the review identifies a number of gaps in the evidence base and makes recommendations for future evaluation and implementation of referral pathways.

IntroducciónActualmente las enfermedades neurodegenerativas en la tercera edad, concretamente la enfermedad de Alzheimer y otras demencias, se presentan como uno de los grandes retos de la humanidad del siglo XXI, dado el crecimiento exponencial de las personas con esta afección, hecho que ha provocado que la comunidad científica se sensibilice con las problemáticas asociadas a la vejez, requiriendo que su investigación se aborde desde perspectivas multidisciplinares que permitan avanzar tanto en los tratamientos Arte y Trabajo Social: un programa de intervención para transformar la visión de la sociedad para la inclusión de personas con demencia temprana y Alzheimer Resumen El presente artículo expone un programa que se enmarca en el campo del Arte y la Educación como herramientas en el Trabajo Social para la inclusión de personas diagnosticadas de demencia temprana y Alzheimer, para erradicar estigmas y mitos asociados a la enfermedad. El programa se inscribe en el Proyecto ARS (Arte y Salud Alzheimer) de la Junta de Castilla y León y del Fondo Social Europeo. Se muestran una serie de actividades artístico-educativas evaluadas para que puedan desarrollarlas las personas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer en fase incipiente y empleadas por cuidadores y familiares para trabajar con este perfil de personas, con el objetivo de mejorar su bienestar, autoestima y calidad de vida. Palabras clave: arte, Trabajo Social, demencia temprana, empoderamiento, actividades artístico-educativas. AbstractThis paper presents a program centred on arts and education as tools in social work for the inclusion of people with earlyonset dementia and Alzheimer's. The objective of the programme is to eradicate the stigma and myths associated with the disease. The program is part of the Junta de Castilla y León and the European Social Fund's ARS Project (Arte y Salud Alzheimer; Alzheimer's Art & Health). The programme presents a series of evaluated artistic and educational activities that can be undertaken by people in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease and that can also be used by caregivers and family when working with this group of people, with the aim of improving their wellbeing, self-esteem and quality of life.