COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 11th of March 2020, leading to some form of lockdown across almost all countries of the world. The extent of the global pandemic due to COVID-19 has a significant impact on our lives that must be studied carefully to combat it. This study highlights the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on crucial aspects of daily life globally, including; Food security, Global economy, Education, Tourism, hospitality, sports and leisure, Gender Relation, Domestic Violence/Abuse, Mental Health and Environmental air pollution through a systematic search of the literature. The COVID-19 global lockdown was initiated to stem the spread of the virus and ‘flatten the curve’ of the pandemic. However, the impact of the lockdown has had far-reaching effects in different strata of life, including; changes in the accessibility and structure of education delivery to students, food insecurity as a result of unavailability and fluctuation in prices, the depression of the global economy, increase in mental health challenges, wellbeing and quality of life amongst others. This review article highlights the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown across the globe. As the global lockdown is being lifted in a phased manner in various countries of the world, it is necessary to explore its impacts to understand its consequences comprehensively. This will guide future decisions that will be made in a possible future wave of the COVID-19 pandemic or other global disease outbreak.

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The use of Tetragenococcus halophilus and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii as starter cultures is essential for desirable volatiles production during moromi stage of soy sauce fermentation. In this study, the effect of simultaneous and sequential inoculation of cultures in moromi fermentation models, with respect to viability, physicochemical changes, and volatiles formation (using SPME-GC/MS) was investigated. Interestingly, an antagonism was observed as T. halophilus only proliferated (3 log increase) in the presence of Z. rouxii, while Z. rouxii growth was suppressed by 4 log in concurrence with pH increase to 7.31. Final content of reducing sugars, ethanol, acetic acid, and amino nitrogen did not differ significantly (p<0.05) between co-inoculation and sequential inoculation. However, Z. rouxii promoted alcohols formation and produced a more complex aroma profile under suppression. According to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the inoculation sequence (co-inoculation and sequential) has impacts on volatile compound profiles during moromi fermentation.

Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage across the globe have uncovered inequities in global healthcare. While more than half of the population of the developed countries have been fully vaccinated, only a small percentage of the African population has received one vaccine dose so far, a far cry from the global vaccination targets. Furthermore, several low and middle income (LMICs) African countries lack the competence, infrastructure, logistics, and financial resources to mass-vaccinate their populations. This paper highlights the causes and implications of the low COVID-19 vaccine coverage on Africa and the global community, and discusses strategies for restructuring and strengthening COVID-19 vaccination in Africa.

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes several diseases by attacking the human immune system. It is transmitted by contact with certain bodily fluids of an infected person, most commonly during unprotected sex, through sharing needles, or from mother to baby during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. The central nervous system is not spared from this virus, as HIV has been shown to induce several neurological disorders. However most neurological pathologies (such as dementia, infections, meningitis, and neuropathy) rarely show until late stages, in this case, after the patients develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This article aims to review the neurological disorders in the HIV population and the attempts initiated to limit the disease.Methodology: Data were collected from medical journals published on PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Science Direct and Embase bibliographical databases with a predefined search strategy. All articles considering neurological disorders associated with HIV were considered. Results: To date, the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurological complications remains poorly elucidated; thus, imposing a hindrance and limitations on the treatment options. Nevertheless, some studies have reported alterations in dendritic spine as the causative agent for developing brain damage. Conclusion:HIV remains one of the most serious global health challenges, with neurological manifestations imposing a major concern among patients with HIV. Despite the availability and efficacy of antiretroviral therapies, yet, the risk of developing neurological complications remains relatively high among patients with HIV. Thus, the 2030 HIV vision must focus on further preventive measures to protect HIV patients from developing such neurological complications.