Background: Crack cocaine dependence is a health problem of epidemic proportions and there is lack of evidence concerning vulnerability factors that could lead to crack cocaine use. The aim of this study is to investigate characteristics of resilience in a group of crack cocaine users and its association with childhood trauma and PTSD.

Objective: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate levels of anger among substance users compared to non-user controls and to analyze the possible association between anger and psychoactive substance use (PSU). Methods: The procedures of this review followed the Meta-Analyzes of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIREME, PsycINFO) were searched. Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis; 10 used the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) anger trait subscale and two used the Buss-Perry-Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) anger subscale. The sample included 2,294 users of psychoactive substances and 2,143 nonusers, all male. The mean difference in anger scale scores between users and non-users was 2.151 (95%CI 1.166-3.134, p p 0.00, inconsistency index [I 2 ] = 98.83) standard deviations. Age and abstinence duration did not moderate the difference in anger between substance users and non-users. Conclusion: Users of psychoactive substances had elevated anger scores compared to non-users, which represents a high risk of relapse. It is suggested that PSU treatment programs include intensive anger management modules, focusing on factors such as dealing with daily stressors, family conflicts, frustrations, and problems.

Objective To report the experience of the multidisciplinary health team in the construction and implementation of the assistance protocol for pets visiting patients admitted to a palliative care unit. Method This is an experience report about the construction and implementation of a protocol in a university hospital in the South of Brazil by a working group from the multidisciplinary team of the Palliative Care Program and composed of three nurses, a physician, a psychologist, a social worker, a manager, and a nutritionist. The period of construction and implementation of the protocol was from September 2017 to April 2019. Results The construction of the protocol by the multidisciplinary team followed three stages: planning, execution, and implementation, which enabled the release of visits of patients' pets in palliative care. Conclusion The construction of the protocol allowed for the institutionalization of the visit of patients' pets in palliative care in a university hospital, bringing benefits to patients and their families.