Correct economic practice a common good that is protected by a properly constructed legal system. One of the consequences of non-compliance with administrative law provisions, in addition to the basic sanction of legal ineffectiveness, as provided for by laws, is administrative penalties imposed in the formby means of administrative decisions. These penalties are not imposed by courts, but by authorized public administration bodies. The article presents the dual nature of administrative fines: as a fair retribution for an act (moral retaliation) and as a form of suppressing the commission of similar acts in the future (prevention). It is pointed out that in the case of an administrative financial penalty, we are dealing with responsibility for the result, the conditions of which responsibility are specified in legal norms in the form of orders and prohibitions, and it is rather difficult – unlike in proceedings before courts – to take into account guilt, the degree of guilt, and the issue of intention or lack of intention, nor to alleviate the punishment or refrain from imposing it. As a thesis, the paper accepts that a financial penalty should primarily be an instrument of general prevention. The experience of Italian legislation is also used to formulate conclusions as to what legal solutions should be provided for. The amendments to the Code of Administrative Procedure and the increasing presence in laws of financial penalties call for a more thorough assessment of the state of law, in particular in the context of the democratic rule-of-law state and the common good, trust in the state and its authorities, and the constitutional principles of proportionality and procedural justice.

Zdolność prawników do wpływania na pożądany kierunek rozwoju publicznego prawa gospodarczego, chroniącego prawidłowo zidentyfikowane wartości oraz zapewniającego zrównoważony rozwój i miejsce Polski w demokratycznej Europie, wymaga zmiany podejścia metodologicznego i szerszego uwzględnienia dorobku innych nauk. Artykuł identyfikuje wartości, które dobre publiczne prawo gospodarcze powinno chronić, oraz wyjaśnia, jak należy rozumieć prawdziwą ochronę interesu publicznego. Pokazano, że dla prawidłowej analizy zagadnienia należy poddać badaniu wartości i funkcje, jakie powinno spełniać publiczne prawo gospodarcze – prawo w działaniu, a nie tylko w tekstach. Biorąc pod uwagę kierunki rozwoju współczesnej nauki prawa w Europie i Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki, konieczne staje się uzupełnienie powszechnie stosowanej w Polsce metodologii dogmatycznej o spostrzeżenia z zakresu funkcjonalizmu prawnego i ekonomicznej analizy prawa.

The article presents the legal framework for cooperation between public administration and professional self-governments of architects and civil engineers on granting professional qualifications and recognition of qualifications. The article’s thesis is that the scale of existing problems requires the alignment on terminology and development of right forms of collaboration between the two parties. Moreover, it requires the supervision over the implementation of the delegated tasks; it is assumed that the delegation of tasks does not imply the delegation of accountability. By delegating tasks public administrations can focus on their core missions without being distracted by the tasks requiring narrow expertise. They can also leverage the competences of licensed professionals and professionals with recognized qualifications.