ObjectivesQuantify metal ion release in the saliva, considering that orthodontic appliances with soldered or welded parts may suffer corrosion and release metal ions into saliva, which can trigger adverse effects, such as hypersensitivity. MethodsSixty-four patients were distributed into four groups: G1 (control), G2 (silver-soldered lingual arch), G3 (laser-welded lingual arch), and G4 (TIG-welded lingual arch). Saliva samples were collected at four different points and were analyzed for ion release with ICP-MS. ResultsFor Cr, Fe, Cu, and Sn ion concentrations among groups, there was no difference along collections and no statistically significant difference throughout collections for any group (P > 0.05, with release values between 3.3 and 4.2 μg/L for Cr, 201 and 314.8 μg/L for Fe, 23.1 and 40.7 μg/L for Cu, and 13 and 27.7 μg/L for Sn). For Ni, G4 showed an increased ion release at T2 (14.3 μg/L) and T4 (34.5 μg/L), values with an interaction effect (P < 0.001) comparing the groups and the points of collection. For Zn, Ag, and Cd ions there was no difference along the points in time (P > 0.05). For Zn ions, there was a statistic difference from G4 to G1 and G2 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.019), with median values ranging from 741.7 to 963.4 μg/L for G4, and for Ag ions, from G4 to G2 and G3 (P < 0.001 for both), with lower medians for G4 (3.7-6.1 μg/L). For Cd ions there was a statistic difference from T1 to T4 in all groups (P = 0.016), with lower values for T4. ConclusionsDifferent welding procedures may affect salivary ion concentrations. For most ions there was no significant increase comparing welding and comparing throughout points in the same group. Although TIG welding presented greater Ni ion release, this possibly occurred due to a bigger corrosion of the welded. Clinical relevanceDetermining the amount of released metal ions from the use of orthodontic appliances is relevant to ensure the safest method for patients. Welding procedures affect salivary ion concentrations, when comparing ion release triggered by one of the most common devices used for preventive/interceptive orthodontic treatments.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surface roughness and ion release of silver-soldered joints by using two polishing methods. METHODS: 174 orthodontic bands with and without silver-soldered joints were evaluated and divided into three groups: two experimental, with different polishing methods (SP1 and SP2), and one control (SS) composed of bands without silver solder. For ionic release, 50 bands of each group were immersed in saline solution and submitted to atomic absorption spectrophotometry to quantify the amount of Fe, Ni, Cr (in all the three groups), Ag, Cu, Cd, and Zn (in the two experimental groups). A rugosimeter was employed to verify the surface roughness. RESULTS: Ni and Cr were released in higher amounts after soldering. Cd, Ag, Zn, and Cu may be released from silver-soldered bands independently of the polishing method employed. Ag was released in higher amounts from the soldered bands that presented higher surface roughness. CONCLUSIONS: Differences exist in relation to the surface roughness of silver-soldered bands when distinct polishing methods are used. Toxic ions may be released from silver soldered joints and higher surface roughness may cause higher ionic release.

INTRODUCTION: Over the last years, zebrafish has gained prominence in the biomedical community. It is currently considered one of the best vertebrate animal models for various types of studies, such as toxicology and developmental biology. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use of zebrafish in dentistry and whether this animal model could be a viable alternative for performing different types of studies in this area. METHODS: A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source. The keywords used as search terms were zebrafish and dentistry. The selection criteria were articles published in English that used zebrafish as an animal model in dentistry, oral health, and craniofacial growth/development. RESULTS: The electronic search of literature yielded 421 articles. After the analysis of the abstracts, 29 articles were selected for an in-depth analysis and reading of the full text. CONCLUSIONS: All studies included in this review confirm zebrafish's excellence as an animal model for various types of dentistry studies, as well as assisting and complementing other studies involving mammals.

Objectives: To verify in vivo the embryotoxicity, teratogenic power and other possible effects of the orthodontic acrylic resin and its components separately using Zebrafish as a model organism. Materials and Methods: Embryo and larval stage animals were divided into 5 experimental groups. These were divided into 5 subgroups: three specific doses of each substance tested, one control with the vehicle (0,1% DMSO in water) and one absolute control (water). In the 5o day post fertilization, the animals were submitted to morphological, cardiac, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations. Ten animals were used in triplicate for all experiments. Survival and hatching were analyzed by the Kaplan Meier test and the other measurements were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Results:For all tested substances, statistically significant differences were found between the control and treated groups for heart rate, cognitive responsiveness, and cellular apoptosis, whereas survival, hatching rate and other parameters did not show significant differences. Only the highest dose of the dibutyl phthalate group showed significant difference in survival. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to acrylic resin and its components may be associated with decreased cognitive ability and cardiac rhythm and an increase in the level of cellular apoptosis in zebrafish. Clinical Relevance:Acrylic resin widely used in dentistry, where not only the patient stays in contact with it for a long period of time, but the dental and laboratory staff also often for a lifetime. Considering this, we emphasize the importance of further investigating the long-term effects of acrylic resin.

Objectives: To verify in vivo the embryotoxicity, teratogenic power and other possible effects of the orthodontic acrylic resin and its components separately using Zebrafish as a model organism. Materials and Methods: Embryo and larval stage animals were divided into 5 experimental groups. These were divided into 5 subgroups: three specific doses of each substance tested, one control with the vehicle (0,1% DMSO in water) and one absolute control (water). In the 5o day post fertilization, the animals were submitted to morphological, cardiac, behavioral, and cognitive evaluations. Ten animals were used in triplicate for all experiments. Survival and hatching were analyzed by the Kaplan Meier test and the other measurements were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Results: For all tested substances, statistically significant differences were found between the control and treated groups for heart rate, cognitive responsiveness, and cellular apoptosis, whereas survival, hatching rate and other parameters did not show significant differences. Only the highest dose of the dibutyl phthalate group showed significant difference in survival. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to acrylic resin and its components may be associated with decreased cognitive ability and cardiac rhythm and an increase in the level of cellular apoptosis in zebrafish. Clinical Relevance: Acrylic resin widely used in dentistry, where not only the patient stays in contact with it for a long period of time, but the dental and laboratory staff also often for a lifetime. Considering this, we emphasize the importance of further investigating the long-term effects of acrylic resin.