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Innovation research most often focus on innovation barriers from a firm-level perspective, and it is well-recognized that commercialization barriers are an important hurdle for innovating firms. However, current research lacks to investigate the more fine-grained characteristics of specific commercialization barriers occurring in firms' innovation projects. Based on a multiple case study of 12 firms, this study dives into commercialization barriers experienced during innovation projects to provide a detailed picture of their characteristics. This is important as commercialization is a particularly challenging part of innovation projects. The findings characterize 16 specific commercialization barriers and order them in accordance to their occurrences across cases. Furthermore, the study demonstrates which innovation projectspecific barriers are related to the firms' internal organizational structure and which ones are related to their external environment.

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