Malaria is a significant public health issue in Nigeria where it accounts for more infections and deaths than any other nation in the world. Malaria is a concern for 97 percent of Nigeria’s population. The remaining 3 percent of the people reside in the malaria free highlands. There are an estimated 100 million malaria cases with over 300,000 deaths per year in Nigeria. It contrasts with 215,000 deaths a year in Nigeria from HIV / AIDS. Malaria contributes to an estimated 11 percent of maternal mortality. The study employed interpolated approach for the assessment and mapping of malaria cases from 2014 to 2018 in Hadejia metropolis and compares five year data of malaria prevalence within the political wards in the study area, using geo-spatial tools. The results showed that certain wards in the city have malaria cases danger which have a direct impact on human safety, social welfare which economy. The prevalence of the malaria parasites primarily exists in north and east of the sample country. Consequently the district is divided into eleven strata (political wards) which demonstrate that the higher incidence of Malaria for both years around Kasuwar Kofa, Kasuwar Kuda, Dubantu, Yayari and some portion of Matsaro and Gagulmari.

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Overpopulation growth and urban center crowd became a global phenomenon which mainly cause urban growth in both developed and developing countries cities including Nigeria. Understanding the extent and pattern of such growth required spatial information as well as earth observation data that will be analyse on a temporal dimension. Remote sensing data and geospatial approach together with other auxiliary’s data were used to detect and monitor the spatio-temporal growth pattern and extent in the three decades of Hadejia town. The aim of this research is to understand how Hadejia town are spatial expand in terms of size and population between the years 1984-2019. Nevertheless, the spatio-temporal analysis over the three decades of 1984, 1999 and 2019 have been made. The research was carried out via remote sensing and geospatial method, satellite data were acquired across the region; atmospheric corrected using QUAC in Envi software; and also produced landuse landcover map. However, the research utilized object based image analysis (OBIA) for image classification and then built-up area were extracted in order to evaluate the urban expansion. The results indicate that the overall urban expansion occurred in between 1999 – 2019 with expansion of 566 hectares. Most of the changes happens along town major highway especial along interstate routes. The city has experienced an extreme growth geographically at East- Northern part due to plain terrain than Southern part because of present of river Hadejia.

Ponds locally called (Kududfi in Hausa) are either naturally or artificially created ditches which usually contained water and constitute significant elements of the settlement in Northern Nigeria which can be expanded beyond their natural depth. Many ponds in the urban centers of developing nations have inlets and outlets for transporting water from small ponds to large ones especially ponds that serve as reservoir for the domestic and rain water storage. Earth observation technology allowed researchers to accurately study the past, current and even predict the future of spatial temporal changes of urban environment including the water bodies (ponds). In developing nations like Nigeria many ancients' cities became over crowded, this is likely because of their history, opportunities or economic advantages. Nevertheless, many of the ancient's cities in Africa experienced regular annual urban flood that make the city centers as water logging throughout the wet season due to community culture toward destructions and claiming ownership of water bodies (ponds) either by government officials or individuals which normally serve as a domestic and rain water reservoir. Therefore, this research aimed on the utilization of geospatial technologies for mapping spatial temporal changes of urban water bodies (ponds) and its environment impacts in the study. Research also designed to map the geospatial distribution of ponds (urban water bodies) and how does human activities affect its functions. The satellite image data acquired for years 1999 and 2019 respectively. Nevertheless, the imageries were geometric and radiometric corrected using the quick atmospheric correction (QUAC). The findings indicated that most of the Ponds changed in their size, shape and mainly filled with solid waste. From the analysis of the research shown that annual urban flood is attributed from the destructions of ponds. Changes from other land use types also affect the water bodies such as schools, residential, commercial, etc. the findings also showed the impacts of ponds destructions such as making areas water logged, occurrence of urban flood, change in local climate and alteration of hydro-geomorphic nature of the area.