Community capital has approached to formulate a sustainable rural livelihood. As an agreement in the world development challenges, it have been designed in the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that was supported by the United Nations as a global effort to attain 169 targets, such as natural resources management for sustainable rural development. This article aims to analyze community empowerment on green development to strengthen energy self-sufficient villages based on the community capital. The method in this research used the qualitative approach that was used in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of all phenomena that occurred in the study of Masoso village, Indonesia. The result of the discussion found that the implementation of green development through micro-hydro power plants supported by the village fund, and has contributed for local community prosperity. This study concludes that the adherence of the community to traditional institutions and local wisdom needed to preserve as the basis of community collectivity to conserve natural resources. New opportunities of local economic activities on integrated agriculture could promote socio-economic development in the modern era through strengthening of farmer groups and community development.
Perlindungan terhadap masyarakat adat terpencil dewasa ini masih sekadar menganggap masyarakat adat terpencil sebagai suku terasing yang merupakan aset budaya yang harus dilindungi tanpa melihat adanya penghormatan terhadap hak-haknya. Kabupaten Lebak sudah memilikidua peraturan daerah yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan masyarakat adat Baduy dan Kasepuhan Banten Kidul. Namun demikian, belum ada payung hukum di tingkat Provinsi Banten baik berupa Peraturan Daerah (Perda) maupun Peraturan Gubernur (Pergub) yang mengatur tentangMasyarakat Hukum Adat. Selain itu pula belum ada pedoman pelaksanaan untuk kedua payung hukum tersebut, sehingga payung hukum yang ada belum mangokomodir keseluruhan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat adat yang kompleks. Untuk mengetahui kebijakan Daerah mengenai perlindungan masyarakat adat dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Pengambilan data lapangan dilakukan pada 15 Mei – 15 Juli 2016 di Desa Kanekes dan Kasepuhan Citorek dengan mewawancari 13 informan kunci. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, perhatian pemerintah Kabupaten Lebak terkait masyarakat adat/kasepuhan sudah dilakukan dengan mengeluarkan dua Perda dan Peraturan Desa Kanekes. Namun, Perda terkait masyarakat Baduy baru mengakomodir masalah hak ulayat, belum pada hal-hal lain yang sebenarnya sangat krusial dan perlu segera diatasi. Masyarkat Baduy dan Masyarakat Kasepuhan Citorek secara umum menilai bahwa dua Perda tersebut sudah membantu mengatasi permasalahan yang ada, walaupun dalam tataran teknis masih ditemui beberapa permasalahan. Masyarakat adat/kasepuhan berharap ada Perda lain yang dapat mengatasi berbagai permasalahan yang muncul terkait masyarakat adat. Selain itu juga pemerintah perlu proaktif mengawal iplementasi Perda tersebut.
Tulisan ini berusaha membedah magi orang Banten dari aspek kedudukannya dalam masyarakat, pendasaran-pendasarannya, dan elemen-elemen yang ada di dalamnya. Data diperoleh melalui dua cara, yaitu studi lapangan (kasus) di Kecamatan Ciomas Serang dan studi kepustakaan. Untuk elemen-elemen magi, penulis mendasarkan pembedahan pada teori dari Marcel Mauss dalam bukunya A General Theory of Magic.Bagi masyarakat Banten, agama dan magi adalah satu kesatuan. Agama berfungsi sebagai pedoman hidup abstrak untuk tujuan keakhiratan, sedangkan magi beifungsi untuk aspek-aspek kehidupan yang praktis, fungsional dan kongkrit. Keterkaitan ini melahirkan ajaran sareat-hakekat. Sareat adalah usaha yang dilakukan manusia dengan menggunakan kekuatan dirinya dan (atau) kekuatan magi. Hakekat adalah kepasrahan kepada keputusan Tuhan, apakah sareat seorang manusia itu dikabulkan atau tidak. Dasar magi orang Banten adalah agama Islam dan tradisi loka. Elemen-elemen magi terdiri dari pelaku magi, ritus, dan representasi. Pelaku magi yang utama di Banten disebut Kiyai Hikmah. Ia berperan sebagai produsen magi dan pemilik otoritas magi (pemilik ijazah). Kondisi ritus magi terkait dengan waktu, tempat, material, alat dan kondisi kejiwaan. Ritus non verbalnya lebih bersifat simbolis (symbolic rites, holy actions) daripada simpatetis. Ritus verbal terdiri dari mantera (wirid) yang diucapkan, mantera yang ditulis, naktu, al-jafr (ilmu tentang makna dan nilai magis huruf). Representasi personal yang sering digunakan adalah Tuhan (Gusti Allah), Jin, khodam, dan ruh orang-orang suci dan leluhur.
Studies on magic in civil revolts in Indonesia are remarkably scarce. The use of magic in Bantenese revolts are presented in the works of Kartodirdjo (1966) and Williams (1982,1990). This article explains several aspects of magic such as the form, the ritual, and thesources related to magic sourced from the Script of K.H. Muqri Labuan, one of the important figures in the communist revolt of 1926 in Banten, by using philological and historical approaches. The Script was written byK.H. Muqri during his escapee from Surabaya to Mecca when the Dutch colonial could defeat his rebellion in Labuan. His script is 17,5x21 cm consisted of 540pages written in Jawiand Arabic. It mostly contains the magical formula and wird of severaltariqa. It also comprises his genealogy, the magical licence (ijâzah)he obtained, his journey notes to Mecca, his activities during living in Mecca, and the list of his disciples.
The development agenda that designed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2030 is a challenge for all global stakeholders. This article aims: 1) To identify ecotourism that is develop based on the social capital and local wisdom of community in Tunda Island, 2) To identify the development of community-based ecotourism in the industrial era 4.0 through digital technology, 3) To analyse of benefits of digital technology for ecotourism development. The method used through field study with descriptive qualitative research type. The results of the study show that are: 1) ecotourism that has been developed by the community focuses on social capital and local wisdom of the community, 2) Digital technology application on the implementation of ecotourism development conducted through the provision of websites and social media by community of Tunda island, and 3) Benefit of digital technology has an impact for socio-economic of community and acessability dealing with ecotourism management. Furthermore, enhaching human capacity needed for community to improve Tourism Group (Pokdarwis) as a social institution that has a role in developing ecotourism in Tunda Island.
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