The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably rendered a paradigm shift in peoples’ day-to-day normality. The pandemic has precipitated various reaction and responses from people across the globe especially with the enforcement of preventive measures initiated by their respective government forces. The movement control order (MCO) was one of the drastic measures taken in Malaysia adhering to the guideline released by World Health Organization (WHO) and has been made effective since 18th of March 2020. The execution of MCO in a developing setting like Malaysia certainly impacts its peopleon several fronts, especially those from low-socioeconomic background. It creates a domino effect from an economical to psychological aspects at both societal and individual levels. Subsequently, a conditional MCO (CMCO) has been introduced during midway through Phase 4 of MCO with eased restrictions, particularly considering economic downturn. CMCO is followed by recovery MCO (RMCO) phase. In this article, we aim to share some insights while highlighting the impacts of COVID-19 with an emphasize on the psychosocial aspect, particularly during MCO phases, which has thus imposed a newnormality on Malaysians.
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infection caused by the organism Mycobacterium Tuberculosis that can affect any organ though it commonly involves infection of the lungs. Given the nature of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) that has various form of clinical manifestation, diagnosing EPTB remains a challenge. Background: This report discusses three cases of EPTB that posed diagnostic and management challenges. The first case presented as pleural effusion and TB was diagnosed on pleural biopsy. The second case presented with abdominal pain and mass in the right iliac fossa. Final diagnosis of tuberculous colitis was made post-laparotomy and he underwent successful anti-tuberculous treatment. The third case presented with a single enlarged cervical lymph node and a typical history. Investigations were suggestive of tuberculous lymphadenitis and patient showed a positive response to anti-tuberculous treatment. Conclusion: EPTB has various forms of clinical manifestation, which imposes diagnostic and treatment challenges. Thus, it is crucial to always include tuberculosis as part of working diagnosis especially in regions where tuberculosis is endemic until proven otherwise. Hence it is imperative to start treatment early to ensure better response.
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