Osteochondromas are the most common benign bone tumors. Usually solitary, multiple osteochondromas (exostoses) are seen in patients with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses (MHE). Chondromatous transformation of lumbar osteochondroma in a patient with multiple exostoses is a rare phenomenon. We present a rare case of secondary chondrosarcoma of lumbar exostoses with patient presenting with symptoms of pain in the right lumbar region and paresis of right lower limb. Patients with multiple exostoses are prone to develop chondrosarcoma early in life. These patients need long term follow up with regular clinical and radiological examination.

Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a useful procedure that can be conveniently performed in the outpatient department (OPD) and can be used in the subtyping of breast carcinomas. However, some specific subtypes can cause a hindrance to that. We present two such cases, one of tubulolobular carcinoma breast and the other of squamous cell carcinoma breast that were missed on FNAC, and subsequently diagnosed on histopathology and by immunohistochemistry. A thorough knowledge of the cytological features of the subtypes and the use of immunocytochemistry can appropriately make FNAC a standard, accurate, and simple OPD procedure, thus helping us in arriving at specific diagnosis.

There was a significant association between HDL and squamous cell carcinoma; maximum number of SCC had a history of smoking in the range of 10-19 years, irrespective of other lipid parameters, constrained to the fact that lipids are genetically determined, have geographical variation, and are highly skewed.

Background: Romanowsky stains are universally used for routine staining of peripheral blood smears. Among these Leishman stain is most commonly used in hematology laboratories worldwide. This study was done to stain peripheral blood smears with modified Leishman stain (MLS) on Day 1, Day 5, Day 10 of preparation of the stain and to assess the quality of staining by scoring the stained smears by calculating the Quality Index (QI) and comparing the scores with normal peripheral smear.Methods: Study was done in the hematology section of our institute from December 2016 to February 2017 on a sample size of hundred and one. (MLS) was prepared by adding phenol to the Leishman stain. All cases were stained with modified Leishman stain on day 1, 5 and 10 after preparing the stain. All the smears were scored based on overall staining, cytoplasmic staining, nuclear morphology, red cell staining and platelet staining. Quality index was calculated by dividing the score obtained by maximum score possible.Result: Overall staining, cytoplasmic staining, nuclear morphology, red cell staining and platelet staining were better on day 10 after preparation of MLS when compared to day 1 and day 5. The Quality Index of stained smears normal leishman stained smear was 0.95, score on day 1 of preparing stain was 0.71, score on day 5 was 0.73 and day 10 of preparing stain was 0.89. Conclusion:MLS can be used for staining of thin peripheral blood smears in 4 minutes, unlike the conventional Leishman stain method which takes about 10-15 minutes.