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In a significant number of automobile crashes involving pedestrians, the knee ligament which controls the stability of the knee often get severely loaded. In lateral impact on knee during automotive crashes, varus-valgus deformities result in failure of ligament by avulsion or rupture. Varus-valgus deformity strains occur mainly in the middle region of ligament and it is known that properties vary in the different regions of the ligament. Experimental measurement of tensile-load elongation behavior of bovine middle region medial collateral ligament properties between strain rate 0.0001/s to 161/s are reported here. The results shows a linear stress-strain response at lower strain rate whereas it is nonlinear and strain rate sensitive in dynamic loading conditions. The objective of this study is to establish a methodology to identify the quasi-static and dynamic properties of ligaments.

Abstract:The paper reports the effects of machining parameters on performance of biodegradable magnesium calcium alloy implant in terms of surface roughness, microstructure, microhardness, chip morphology and degradation rate in face milling using CVD diamond like carbon coated carbide inserts. The result shows that the corrosion resistance of forged sample is higher than that of cast sample. It is also found that the surface roughness is the most significant factors affecting degradation rate. Degradation is mainly occured due to pitting corrosion phenomena. A fine grain microstructure is observed in forged sample and Mg 2 Ca phase is uniformly distributed in microstructure which improves the corrosion resistance. During machining microhardness is changed from 66Hv to 84Hv due to effect of machining parameters. As far as the chip morphology is concerned the depth of cut has significant influence on helical distance of chip.