The current study was revealed the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM among different types of leukemia (Acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma [HL], multiple myeloma [MM], non-HL [NHL], and chronic myeloid leukemia) from male and female patients in different age groups (18–≥48 years) using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of 140 cases of different types of leukemia showed the highest T. gondii IgG (44.44%) among MM leukemia whereas T. gondii IgM highest (12.5%) among NHL leukemia. Significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences between T. gondii antibodies and age group were recorded, that increased with the age of Leukemia patients. Hence, it could be concluded that multiple myeloid leukemia is strong immunocompromised and high significant (P ≤ 0.01) with toxoplasmosis.

In this study, ten multilocus PCR-RFLP markers were used for genotyping of T. gondii in six cats; that were seropositive by MAT test. These markers include SAG1, SAG2 (5-SAG2, 3-SAG2 and Alt.SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico. Eight T. gondii reference strains (GT1, PTG, CTG, TgCgCa1, MAS, TgCatBr5, TgCatBr64 and TgToucan) were used as positive controls for genotyping. Sample A20-1 was type III by one marker (GRA6), while sample A9-2 was type III by four markers (SAG3, BTUB, c22-8 and c29-2) and sample A20-2 was type III by four markers (SAG1, SAG3, BTUB and c29-2). Hence, it could be concluded that the strain of T. gondii in Kurdistan stray cats is likely the type III.

The modified agglutination test (MAT) has been widely used for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in numerous animal species. For the standard protocol of MAT test, T. gondii whole cell antigens were produced in the laboratory mice, which was a tedious process. The produced antigen in cell culture was used to assure its capability for MAT test.  For detecting the antibodies of T. gondii in human sera, comparison was made between MAT, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and latex agglutination test (LAT).  A total of 96 human serum samples were tested. The anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were found in 25.0% (24/96), 20.8% (20/96) and 13.5% (13/96) samples by MAT (cutoff 1:25), ELISA and LAT tests, respectively.  The MAT and ELISA tests matched 95.8% in detection of IgG antibodies, with the positive percent agreement of 100% (20/20) and negative percent agreement of 94.7% (72/76).  For the MAT versus LAT tests, the overall agreement was 88.5% (85/96), with the positive percent agreement of 100% (13/13) and negative percent agreement of 86.7% (72/83). These results suggest a strong correlation between the MAT and ELISA tests in detecting serum IgG to T. gondii in human sera.  In conclusion, T. gondii prepared in cell culture provides an alternative solution to produce antigens for MAT test.

Background: The causative agent of toxoplasmosis is Toxoplasma gondii which is an intracellular protozoan. Felines including cats are the only definitive hosts for T. gondii and they play a significant role in spreading the oocysts in the environment. It has been estimated that T. gondii infects about one-third of the human population. This study was performed to estimate the seroprevalence rate of Anti-T. gondii IgG Abs in 100 strays by using different serological techniques.Methods: Hundred stray cats of both sexes (50 males and 50 females) from different ages (one month to 48 months) were hunted by trap cage and shooting tranquilizer gun in Erbil city and used for detecting T. gondii antibodies.Results: The seroprevalence rates obtained were: 22%, 20% and 11% by MAT, ELISA and LAT respectively. Male cats showed higher seroprevalence than females (13% versus7%). According to the agreement between MAT titers and ELISA IgG (cutoff ELISA≥1) in stray cat’s sera, the percent of positive results in ELISA (cutoff≥1) method were exactly matched with the MAT titer (≥1:50) while the overall agreement and negative percent agreement were elevated by increasing MAT titers and the positive percent agreement was stable in all titers. The overall agreement results were 96% and 100% for MAT titers ≥1:25 and ≥1:50, respectively and negative percent agreement results were 97.4% and 100% for MAT titers ≥1:25 and ≥1:50 respectively.Conclusions: Exactly matched between MAT technique titer (≥1:50) and ELISA technique. Index (cutoff≥1). Therefore, MAT could be used for detecting IgG Abs of Toxoplasma gondii instead of ELISA technique.

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