Cataract surgery has become one of the most common and successful procedures in ophthalmology. In addition to improving visual acuity (VA), one of the goals of modern cataract surgery is to reduce pre-existing astigmatism (PEA), a factor that may reduce VA and affect the quality of vision. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was a prospective, interventional study conducted at a tertiary care center. The study population consisted of 216 cataract patients admitted in hospital and underwent manual small incision cataract surgery by experts. Patients were examined on post-operative Day 1, 1week, 1.5 months (45 days) and 3 months (90 days). Uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity was recorded. Slit-lamp examination, auto refractometer and keratometry examination were done. RESULTS: The mean SIA in group 1 was found to be 1.37 ± 0.65and in group 2 was 0.67± 0.40. T-test was applied to compare the two groups. It was found to be highly significant (P value <0.001). SIA induced by superior incision was 45.28 % more than temporal incision. CONCLUSION: SICS with the temporal approach provides a better stabilization of the refraction with a significantly less SIA than superior approach.

About 1.6million people are blind from ocular trauma, 2.3million bilaterally visually impaired. 19million suffered from unilateral visual loss worldwide. It is believed that majority of eye injuries are preventable with existing, relatively inexpensive protective devices and health education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a prospective hospital based study, 103 patients with ocular trauma injuries presented to ophthalmology OPD or emergency department, in a tertiary care hospital and assessed by an ophthalmologist were included in the study. Detailed ophthalmic work up of all the patients including slit lamp examination, +90D examination and indirect ophthalmoscopy was carried out. Ultrasonography was performed whenever unclear media prevented fundus evaluation. RESULTS: In our study, majority of the subjects 52(50.4%) had ocular trauma due to road traffic accidents followed by assault injuries 17(16.5%). Majority of the subjects clinically presented with symptoms like sub-conjunctival hemorrhage 29(28.1%), followed by laceration 26(25.2%) and abrasion 21(20.3%). 83(80.5%) cases had closed globe injuries whereas 20(19.5%) had open globe injuries. CONCLUSION: Ocular injuries can be reduced by the use of eye protection devices and the implementation of appropriate preventive strategies to address each risk factor. In addition, there should be a continual assessment of safety and health issues at home and workplace.

Aim: To compare macular parameters using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with the normal subjects. Materials and Methods: This observational case control study included primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (n = 184 eyes) and healthy subjects in the control group (n = 184 eyes). All subjects underwent detailed history, complete ocular examination. Complete ocular examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness, Gonioscopy, and dilated fundus biomicroscopy. Field analysis was done by white on white Humphrey Field Analyzer (Carl Zeiss). Optical coherence tomography imaging of macular area was performed using Cirrus HD-OCT. (Cirrus HD-OCT MODEL 4000, Carl Zeiss, Meditec Inc. Dublin CA, 94568).In both these groups, parameters analyzed were central macular thickness (CMT), inner inferior macular thicknesses (IIMT), inner superior macular thicknesses (ISMT),inner nasal macular thicknesses (INMT), inner temporal macular thicknesses (ITMT), and central macular volume (CMV). Results: The POAG group had significantly decreased values of CMT, IIMT, ISMT, INMT, ITMT and CMV compared to control group, Thus, macular thickness and volume parameters may be used for making the diagnosis of glaucoma especially in patients with abnormalities of disc. Statistical analysis done using student t-test. SPSS 13.0 software was used to calculate p value. There was statistically significant difference found in all macular parameters between cases and controls. (p=0.001). Conclusion: Macular parameters, such as total macular volume, inner macular thickness and outer macular thickness can be used in addition to RNFL thickness to aid in the diagnosis of early glaucoma using OCT, in certain conditions, where RNFL parameters may be distorted, such as disk abnormalities or peripapillary atrophy macular parameters may be relied upon. Macular thickness parameters showed thinning in diagnosed cases of glaucoma.