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Occlusal reduction reduced levels of postoperative pain in posterior mandibular teeth with symptomatic pulpitis and apical periodontitis only 12 h following both canal preparation and root filling.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of degree of curvature on extrusion of debris from root canals; and to compare the amount of extruded debris after instrumentation with WaveOne Gold reciprocating (WOG; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and OneShape rotating (OS; MicroMega, Besançon, France) single file systems. Materials and methods: Sixty mesiobuccal canals were assigned to 2 equal groups according to the degree of curvature, whether severe (25-40°) or moderate (10-15°) as measured using Schneider method. The canals in each group were further subdivided into 2 subgroups (n=15) according to the instrument used for preparation; WaveOne Gold (WOG) or OneShape (OS) files. The extruded debris was collected in preweighed glass vials. Data were statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests. Results: The least amounts of debris were obtained with WaveOne Gold instruments in both curvatures, with no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Larger amounts of debris occurred with OneShape instruments in severely curved canals; but this difference was of no statistical significance. Statistically significant differences were recorded only when OneShape instruments were used in moderately curved canals. Conclusions: Debris extrusion occurs independent of the motion or design of the instrument. However, moderate root canal curvatures allowed more extrusion of debris than severe curves. WaveOne Gold results were not affected by the degree of canal curvature; and outperformed OneShape instruments in both types of curves.

screw should be removed and the implant restored. An infiltration injection of 2% lidocaine with 1:80000 adrenaline (Lignospan Special, Septodont, France) was administered to the labial mucosa. Haemostasis was achieved using 25% aluminium chloride (Alustat gel, Cerkamed, Poland). The implant interior was thoroughly irrigated with saline and dried with paper points. The ultrasonic tip (start X #3) was used in Satelec handpiece to trough against the screw in a counterclockwise direction under the surgical operating microscope (SOM) (OPMI pico-Zeiss) to loosen the fractured part. An endodontic explorer was then used in the same direction to dislodge it. The screw came out using this maneuver. A periapical radiograph was taken to confirm the complete retrieval of the broken part (Figure 1B). Another periapical radiograph

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