Bosscha Observatory is the largest and oldest observatory in Indonesia that has been actively doing astronomical research since 1928. Bosscha Observatory was originally very suitable for observing astronomical objects because of its ideal night sky conditions and covered most of the northern and southern sky areas. However, starting at the end of 1980, the quality of the night sky at Bosscha Observatory has decreased along with the development of cities around the observatory. Therefore, the construction of a new observatory in Indonesia is currently underway, i.e. the Timau National Observatory. One of the main causes of the decreasing quality of the night sky at Bosscha Observatory is light pollution. Light pollution is one form of pollution caused by excessive light outside the room released into the sky, causing an increase in brightness of the night sky. The brightness increasing of the night sky causes relatively faint astronomical object, e.g. Milky Way Galaxy that is difficult to observe. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of light pollution in a radius of 20 km from Bosscha Observatory and at a radius of 90 km from the Timau National Observatory in 2013-2017 using VIIRS-DNB satellite imagery, it is known that there is a wide change in light pollution for the very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The average area of light pollution at a radius of 20 km from Bosscha Observatory for the category of very low, low, medium, high, and very high categories experienced a rate of -41.3 ± 135.2 km2 / year, 5.9 ± 97.2 km2 / year, 15.1 ± 14.6 km2 / year, 18.0 ± 42.6 km2 / year, and 2.1 ± 10.2 km2 / year. The rate of increase in the extent of light pollution for the medium, high, and very high categories occurs south of the Bosscha Observatory, which is towards the city of Bandung. The average area of light pollution in a 90 km radius from the Timau National Observatory for the very low, low, medium, and high categories experienced a rate of 20.8 ± 43.4 km2 / year, -22.1 ± 40.9 km2 / year, 3.0 ± 7.3 km2 / year, and -1.7 ± 7.3 km2 / year. Therefore, the night sky in the 128-268 degrees azimuth direction at Bosscha Observatory is relatively not ideal as a location for observing astronomical objects, and the Timau National Observatory is still relatively ideal as a location for observing astronomical objects, but it is necessary to monitor the dynamics of light pollution in the direction of 207-215 degrees azimuth which leads to Kupang City.

To determine the level of light pollution due to human activities, we performed sky-brightness measurements at Bosscha Observatory, Indonesia (107°36′E; 6°49′S, 1300 m above sea level) for seven years from 2011 to 2018, using a portable photometer pointed at the zenith. From 1692 nightly records, we found that the average brightness on moonless nights reached the 19.70 ± 0.84 and 19.01 ± 0.88 astronomical magnitudes per square arcsecond (mpass), with median values of 19.73 mpass and 19.03 mpass for the AM and PM periods, respectively. The darkest skies occurred in the peak of the summer season during the month of July, which corresponds to the lowest annual temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity. The internal temperature of our Sky Quality Meter is adequately stable, and our results correlate well with other measurements. The sky brightness depends on the age of the Moon (days past new Moon) and on seasonal monthly variations, but it is not related to the lunar distance. The night-SB quality can be modified by the coupled climate system as a diurnal cycle to an 11-year solar cycle. The cities around the Observatory, Bandung and Lembang, clearly make strong contributions to light pollution in the area due to unshielded light sources.

Zodiacal light is a night sky phenomenon that can occur before or after dusk. Additionally, zodiacal light is referred to as false dawn (fajar kadzib) or false dusk. Zodiacal light is emitted by the dust leftovers of asteroids, comets, and other extraterrestrial objects colliding along the planet Mercury's orbit to Mars. This remaining material orbits the Sun in the same direction as the four planets. When the Sun illuminates the leftover dust, it appears as a zodiacal light in the hemisphere that experiences dawn or dusk. By using linear fittings we detect the presence of zodiacal light on the light curve of the night skybrightness. The Observations were made using a digital camera and SQM. From a number of observational data obtained at six locations, it shows that there is an identical linear pattern. From this linear model, it can be seen that the zodiacal light has been observed since the sun's position at -60 degrees below the horizon. Recognizing the presence of the zodiacal light is very important to know the time of the appearance of true dawn which is the beginning of the time for the dawn prayer.

On May 26, 2021, the ITERA Lampung Astronomical Observatory (OAIL) got the opportunity to watch the Total Lunar Eclipse (TLE). The observations had two goals: determining the most efficient filter for observing the Penumbral Lunar Eclipse (PLE) and determining the influence of TLE phenomena on sky brightness. The acquired picture data is analyzed using the photometric approach. Six sample points are utilized to calculate the magnitude of the PLE. According to the findings, the blue filter is the generally ideal filter for detecting PLE. Tycho crater had the greatest magnitude of -18.1 while mare Imbrium had the highest magnitude 100 The Usage of UBVRI...

<p class="Normal1"><strong>Abstract: </strong>Total solar eclipse on March 9, 2016, could only be observed optimally in Indonesia. It’s the best condition to analyze the intensity fluctuation of corona. Intensity data retrieval can  be done under the total solar eclipse because the corona are visible at that time. The data retrieval did not use coronagraph, but DSLR camera which connected to a telescope. This became a simple acquisition system. Intensity analysis was obtained by using IRIS 5.59 software and it has  200 pixels length in the corona. Height by intensity based data between 8,895.58-15,099.72 was equivalent to 4,000 km – 40,000.46 km from the defined solar’s surface.</p><p class="Normal1"> </p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Keywords:</strong><em>  </em>Total Solar Eclipse, Corona Image Intensity</p><p class="Normal1"> </p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Gerhana Matahari total 9 Maret 2016, hanya bisa diamati secara optimal di Indonesia. Kejadian gerhana ini merupakan kondisi terbaik untuk menganalisis fluktuasi intensitas korona. Pengambilan data intensitas bisa dilakukan ketika terjadi gerhana Matahari total karena korona terlihat pada waktu itu. Pengambilan data tidak menggunakan koronagraf, melainkan menggunakan kamera DSLR yang terhubung ke teleskop. Metode ini merupakan metode pengambilan data yang menerapkan sistem akuisisi sederhana. Analisis intensitas korona dilakukan dengan menggunakan software IRIS 5.59 dan menggunakan data 200 piksel di korona. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai intensitas korona berada pada rentangan 8.895,58-15.099,72, dimana nilai ini berada pada ketinggian 4.000 km - 40.000,46 km dari permukaan Matahari.</p><p class="Normal1"> </p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Kata kunci :</strong> Gerhana Matahari Total, Intensitas Citra Korona</p>