BackgroundSkin microbiome is quiet diverse. There are several factors influencing the skin microbiome, such as skin diseases. However, the effects of leprosy on the skin microbiome remain unclear and there are only a few studies about skin microbiome on leprosy. The aim of this study was to investigate the alpha diversity of skin microbiome on lesional site of multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients who visited the top referral hospital in West Java Indonesia. Here in this study we characterize the skin microbiome in leprosy patient in compared to healthy individual by using next generation 16S rRNA sequencing. A total 18 skin swab samples were collected from 18 samples (14 leprosy patients, 4 healthy individuals).ResultsTaxonomic analysis of leprous skin lesions revealed main five phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were overrepresented in leprosy patients, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were diminished in leprosy patients compared to healthy individuals. The main five genera in leprous skin lesions were Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, and Propionibacterium. Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Micrococcus were enriched in leprosy patients, while Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium which have a protective role in normal skin, were diminished in leprosy patients when compared with healthy individuals. Twenty-five species were found in leprous skin lesions that were not typical in human skin and considered as potentially pathogenic. The alpha diversity analysis showed that leprous skin lesions is less diverse than that of the healthy skin microbiome.ConclusionAs a conclusion, the skin microbiome on lesional site of leprosy patient show alteration and less diverse compare to healthy individuals. This suggest that leprosy can affects skin microbiome profile or otherwise.

The city of Jambi Seberang has returned to the government's attention in urban development. Religious issues become an interesting theme when there is an external culture that begins to influence local culture in Jambi Seberang. The strong traditional culture that develops in an area, of course, there are influences from very diverse external cultures. This field research is about the religious awareness of the community in Kelurahan Olak Kemang and Kelurahan Ulu Gedong. With the analytical descriptive method, this research attempts to describe the data as it is obtained from the field. From the data analysis, it is known that the level of religious awareness in the community in Olak Kemang and Ulu Gedong villages is quite high. This can be seen in the pattern of their lives that highly uphold Islamic religious values as has been done by previous scholars. The high level of religious awareness in the community of Olak Kemang and Ulu Gedong villages is inseparable from the role of ulama, and two social institutions in the form of madrasah and places of worship. Even though the level of religious awareness in the community is quite high, one must be aware of the idea of reform in religion in Jambi Seberang, which has suffered damage due to errors regarding different interpretations.

This article discusses the Sharia Economic Law Compilation (KHES) for the production sharing of oil palm plasma land in the village unit cooperative Sinunukan IV, Sinunukan District, Mandailing Natal District. This research is a field research with a qualitative approach, the primary data source comes from the Chairperson of the Cooperative Village Unit for Savings (KUD Hemat), the Management of KUD Hemat, and members of the plasma land owners. Then the secondary data from this research are books, journals, field documents and other sources related to this research. Data collection techniques by interviews, observation, and documentation and data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study explain that the implementation of profit sharing carried out by the Efficient Village Unit Cooperative (KUD Hemat) is to use a percentage system, namely 80% for community members as owners of oil palm plasma land, commonly referred to as SHP (Harvest Remaining). 20% for the PT, and cooperative management get 1.5% of the 20% given by the company, Muzara'ah and Mukhabarah in KHES are made in 1 CHAPTER namely in CHAPTER IX the first part of Article 255 regarding the pillars and regarding the conditions contained in article 256 -261. In KHES namely in CHAPTER IX the first part of Article 255 regarding pillars are: land owner, cultivator, cultivated land, and contract. In terms of pillars, it is appropriate both in terms of KHES (Compilation of Sharia Economic Law) and from Islamic law. However, in terms of the conditions it has not met, namely related to the land planted, that is, the land to be cultivated must be clearly known, so as not to cause disputes between the parties making the contract. This is what causes these conditions to be less than perfect because according to the observations it was found that the people who got the plasma land did not know the exact location. Based on KHES, in terms of profit sharing, it is in accordance with mukhabarah in the form of a percentage where it is appropriate (not gharar), namely in the form of 80% for community members as owners of oil palm plasma land, commonly referred to as SHP (Remaining Harvest) every month. 20% for the PT, and cooperative management gets 1.5% of the 20% given by the company.

The main problem in this thesis is the dispute over the dismissal of H. Erisman, S.E as the chairman of the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) of Padang City by the Governor of West Sumatra Province from the perspective of siyasah dusturiyah. The purpose of this discussion is to Know and explain the chronology of the dismissal of H. Erisman, S.E as chairman of the Padang City Regional Representative Council (DPRD) by the Governor of the Province of West Sumatra, Knowing the formal aspects and material aspects of the dispute over the dismissal of H. Erisman, S.E as chairman of the Padang City Regional Representative Council (DPRD) by the Governor of West Sumatra Province in the Padang State Administrative Court, Knowing and explaining siyasah dusturiyah's view of the dispute over the dismissal of H. Erisman, S.E as the Chairman of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Padang City by the Governor of West Sumatra Province.

This paper discusses Fraud in the Jinayah Jurisprudence Perspective. The main problem in this article is how the perspective of jurisprudence against fraud, from here the authors formulate sub-problems namely how the terminology of fraud according to jurisprudence and how the punishment for the culprit according to jurisprudence jinyah.The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative, sourced from fiqh books and books related to the topics discussed in this article, the method of collecting literature study data.The author's findings in this article, that the form of fraud in the Criminal Law Act is almost similar to the fraud that exists in the book of Jurisprudence. In the text of the punishment for the perpetrators of fraud there is no standard rule that only emphasizes the punishment of the heaven, so the scholars stipulate that for the perpetrators of fraud are subjected to ta'zir penalties, namely the punishment handed over at the government's policy to decide.