<p>Although the government has allocated cash transfer programs to reduce poverty and improve the education sector, the participation of senior high schools in rural areas in Indonesia is still meager. This research investigates the relationship between conditional cash transfers in Indonesia (Program Indonesia Pintar–PIP and Program Keluarga Harapan–PKH) with high school participation in children in Rural Indonesia. Using the 2018 socioeconomic survey data released by BPS, we found that children benefited from PIP children had a greater opportunity to participate in high school compared to those who did not. On the other hand, children from PKH beneficiary have a lower chance of attending high school, compared to those who come from families who do not receive PKH. Although conditional cash transfers generally have a positive effect on children's school participation, the success of conditional cash transfers relies on the knowledge of the people about the importance of children's education investments, simple program schemes, secure payment schemes, and efficient and effective technology-based controls.</p>
This study aims to examine the influence of ownership of non-farm enterprises by households on child participation in a secondary school in Indonesia; this area of research has received scant attention in recent times. This paper uses the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data set that contains different levels of data, ranging from individual-level data to community-level data for the analysis. Using a binomial logistic regression model, this study finds that the ownership of non-farm enterprises generally increases the likelihood of children's participation in secondary education, especially senior high school. Further estimation using propensity score matching demonstrates that households with non-farm enterprises tend to have higher spending on school expenses than those that do not have non-farm enterprises.
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