goGPS is a positioning software application designed to process single-frequency code and phase observations for absolute or relative positioning. Published under a free and open-source license, goGPS can process data collected by any receiver, but focuses on the treatment of observations by low-cost receivers. goGPS algorithms can produce epoch-by-epoch solutions by least squares adjustment, or multi-epoch solutions by Kalman filtering, which can be applied to either positions or observations. It is possible to aid the positioning by introducing additional constraints, either on the 3D trajectory such as a railway, or on a surface, e.g., a digital terrain model. goGPS is being developed by a collaboration of different research groups, and it can be downloaded from http://​www.​gogps-project.​org. The version used in this manuscript can be also downloaded from the GPS Toolbox Web site http://​www.​ngs.​noaa.​gov/​gps-toolbox. This software is continues to evolve, improving its functionalities according to the updates introduced by the collaborators. We describe the main modules of goGPS along with some examples to show the user how the software works

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), namely drone, is one of the aerial platforms, which used to monitor and mapping an agricultural sectors at large area. The platform equipped with some compact camera or sensors. This study aims to identify the peat soil physical properties, which correlated with the pineapple crops healthiness index. The index based on visible Red, Blue, Green (RGB) and Near Infrared (NIR) of spectral wavelength taken from multispectral camera mounted at the drone. The data captured with the drone validated with laboratory test result obtained from the soil samples at the site. The multispectral images of three plots of pineapple crops from the age of 4 months to 14 months was take to check their healthiness index. Soil moisture content and pH value were also test from 28 soil samples. The healthiness of the crops were analysed using both data and the results then compared and correlated. This contribution focuses at the study area of Morris pineapple crops that were cultivated on peat soil in Parit Nipah, Batu Pahat. It was found that the moisture content and pH value of the peat soil is linear with the index level of colour reflectance produced from the multispectral image. As a result, this study gives a proof that using of multispectral images technology from drone is able to correlate between the healthiness of pineapple crops with the soil physical properties.

Geographical information system (GIS) has been used for geospatial epidemiology. Through the process, it begins with geocoding, i.e. assigning geographic coordinates to an address on a map. This process is a bridge between spatial information and its attribute data. Fortunately, some open geocoding services are available. The paper aims to examine the mapping reliability of some online geocoding services to map the spread of tuberculosis (TB) in Sarawak, Malaysia towards practical implementation in the domestic health department. The features examined the common platforms, namely QGIS, Google Map, and ArcGIS Online, were selected and explored in terms of the following variables; positional quality, speed, cost, and coverage. Based on our exploratory experiment, ArcGIS Online offers relevant mapping features for the local geocoding services of the TB locations compared to the other two platforms. But the chosen geocoding methods or services may depend on the nature of the project, cost restrictions, and the experience of an analyst. Comparison of the positional accuracy with manual reference methods (e.g GPS measurement and manual digitizing) could be further studied.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a technology involving the generation and management of digital information of physical and functional characteristics of places (in 2D or 3D), which is developed to obtain built assets, planning, construction maintenance and operation, and construction management system. This case study is BIM development for the Manganti dam, located in Central Java, Indonesia. The dam itself is a vital irrigation system and is located in an earthquake-prone area, which makes significant risk factors for the surrounding environment. Therefore, continuous monitoring for the dam should be taken seriously into action by acquiring accurate information. Supporting that purpose, the spatial information of the dam, in 3D form, should be accurately presented in the mapping process. Although the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) is well known for providing accurate geometry information, its information detail is still limited to an accessible area. Consequently, it creates gaps in shadow areas which possibly can be compensated by the data from Handheld Laser Scanner (HLS). In this contribution, we are focusing on analyzing the reliability of TLS and HLS combination for high-resolution mapping and, possibly, high accuracy mapping. The geometric accuracy of the 3D model is comparing the dimension of the model to the dimension measurement by the Electronic Total Station (ETS) measurement.

The vertical housing system is a solution for the urban population which continues to increase as time goes. By using high-rise buildings, the land used for housing will be more effective. However, high-rise buildings have their own problems, one of which is bending due to the load acting on the building. One of the loads that causes bending in buildings is wind load. Bending will cause a major problem for the building’s endurance if the deviation exceeds the structural strength tolerance of the building, which will cause structural failure in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically monitor the verticality of the building to detect this bending, both during and after constructions, to evaluate the performance and health of the building. The monitoring can be carried out using a variety of methods and equipment, one of which is particularly using the GNSS observation and triaxial tiltmeter measurement. GNSS measurement is used to detect the lateral displacement of the building, while the triaxial tiltmeter measurement is used to detect the deflection angle that is formed when the building is bending. To examine whether monitoring with GNSS and triaxial tiltmeter measurements can be used for practical purpose, this contribution delivers a simulation of wind load calculations to one high rise building in Bandung, Indonesia. This factor, in particular, is chosen to see the impact of bending on a building at high level floors. The wind load calculation refers to an Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-1727-2013, while the bending calculation will be carried out based on the beam deflection theory. Based on the simulation, it is found that the deflection that occurs at the highest level reaches 2.832 cm, and the largest deflection angle reaches 1.792”. Hypothetically, it can be stated that these values can be detected by the survey standard GNSS observation and the triaxial tiltmeter measurement since the accuracy of those two monitoring tools is smaller than the simulation results. In turn, the health and safety of the buildings being monitored can be determined, which leads to issuing of the building functionality certificate for the building insurance purpose.