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GNSS (global navigation satellite system) and SINS (strap-down inertial navigation system) integrated navigation systems have been the apparatus for providing reliable and stable position and velocity information (PV). Commonly, there are two solutions to improve the GNSS/SINS integration navigation system accuracy, i.e., employing GNSS with higher position accuracy in the integration system or utilizing the high-grade inertial measurement unit (IMU) to construct the integration system. However, technologies such as RTK (real-time kinematic) and PPP (precise point positioning) that improve GNSS positioning accuracy have higher costs and they cannot work under high dynamic environments. Also, an IMU with high accuracy will lead to a higher cost and larger volume, therefore, a low-cost method to enhance the GNSS/SINS integration accuracy is of great significance. In this paper, multiple receivers based on the GNSS/SINS integrated navigation system are proposed with the aim of providing more precise PV information. Since the chip-scale receivers are cheap, the deployment of multiple receivers in the GNSS/SINS integration will not significantly increase the cost. In addition, two different filtering methods with central and cascaded structure are employed to process the multiple receivers and SINS integration. In the centralized integration filter method, measurements from multiple receivers are directly processed to estimate the SINS errors state vectors. However, the computation load increases heavily due to the rising dimension of the measurement vector. Therefore, a cascaded integration filter structure is also employed to distribute the processing of the multiple receiver and SINS integration. In the cascaded processing method, each receiver is regarded as an individual “sensor”, and a standard federated Kalman filter (FKF) is implemented to obtain an optimal estimation of the navigation solutions. In this paper, a simulation and a field tests are carried out to assess the influence of the number of receivers on the PV accuracy. A detailed analysis of these position and velocity results is presented and the improvements in the PV accuracy demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Combining impulsive and pinning control, we investigate the synchronization problem of discrete-time network. In the proposed pinning control scheme, the controlled nodes are chosen according to the norm of the synchronization errors at different impulsive instants. Based on the Lyapunov function method and mathematical analysis technique, two synchronization criteria with respect to the impulsive gains and intervals are analytically derived. Both undirected and directed discrete-time networks coupled with Chirikov standard maps are performed in numerical examples to verify the effectiveness of the derived results.