ABSTRAK<br />Peluang pengembangan agribisnis kelapa dengan produk bernilai<br />ekonomi tinggi sangat besar, antara lain Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Mutu<br />produk dari VCO di antaranya ditentukan dari kandungan asam lemak<br />rantai medium, MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) dan asam laurat (C12:0). Penelitian<br />analisis keragaman asam lemak pada koleksi plasma nutfah kelapa telah<br />dilakukan pada 35 varietas kelapa yang ditanam di Kebun Percobaan<br />Mapanget, Balitka tahun 2005. Teknologi proses VCO sebagai sampel<br />menggunakan proses pemanasan bertahap, dan sebagian sampel meng-<br />gunakan cara fermentasi. Sampel VCO dari 35 varietas kelapa ini dikirim<br />ke Laboratorium Terpadu IPB Bogor untuk dianalisis kadar asam<br />lemaknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman<br />kandungan asam lemak, khususnya asam laurat pada berbagai varietas<br />kelapa yang cocok untuk bahan baku VCO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />bahwa keragaman kandungan MCFA dan kadar asam laurat dipengaruhi<br />oleh varietas kelapa, tinggi tempat tumbuh, teknologi proses VCO dan<br />tempat analisis laboratorium. Hasil analisis asam lemak dari VCO pada 35<br />aksesi kelapa koleksi Balitka Manado diperoleh bahwa total kandungan<br />MCFA pada kelapa Dalam lebih tinggi dari kelapa Genjah. Total<br />kandungan MCFA kelapa Dalam antara 47,35% sampai 57,89%,<br />sedangkan pada kelapa Genjah antara 45,45% sampai 55,68%. Dari 35<br />aksesi kelapa ini diperoleh bahwa total MCFA di atas 56% ditemukan<br />pada 10 aksesi kelapa Dalam, yaitu Dalam Kinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete,<br />Dalam Kalasey, Dalam Wusa, Dalam Pungkol, Dalam Mapanget 55 dan<br />Dalam Mapanget 99 asal Sulawesi Utara, lalu Dalam Lubuk Pakam asal<br />Sumatera Utara, Dalam Banyuwangi asal Jawa Timur, dan Dalam Palu<br />asal Sulawesi Tengah. Kandungan asam laurat (C12:0) pada VCO dari<br />kelapa Dalam lebih tinggi sekitar 2%-3% dibandingkan dengan kelapa<br />Genjah. Kadar asam laurat pada 35 aksesi kelapa beragam antara terendah<br />36,04% pada kelapa Genjah Hijau Nias asal Sumut, sampai tertinggi<br />44,19% pada kelapa Dalam Kinabuhutan asal Sulut. Aksesi kelapa yang<br />mengandung kadar asam laurat di atas 43% adalah kelapa Dalam<br />Kinabuhutan, Dalam Tontalete, Dalam Lubuk Pakam, Dalam Wusa dan<br />Dalam Mapanget 55. Kelapa yang sama varietasnya dan ditanam pada dua<br />lokasi yang berbeda tinggi tempatnya diperoleh kadar asam laurat pada<br />kopra di dataran rendah (80 m dpl.) ternyata lebih tinggi antara 1,78%<br />sampai 3,94% dibandingkan yang berasal dari dataran tinggi (450 m dpl.).<br />Teknologi fermentasi menghasilkan kandungan asam laurat rata-rata lebih<br />tinggi antara 2,03% sampai 3,48% pada empat varietas kelapa Dalam dari<br />lima varietas yang diuji.<br />Kata kunci : Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, varietas, pasca panen, asam lemak,<br />asam laurat, minyak kelapa, Sulawesi Utara<br />ABSTRACT<br />Lauric acid profile of various coconut varieties as raw<br />material for VCO<br />Coconut agribusiness development has large opportunity to produce<br />high value coconut product, such as Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). The<br />quality of VCO is determined by the content of medium chain fatty acid,<br />MCFA (C 6 -C 12 ) and lauric acid (C12:0). Analysis of fatty acid variation<br />from coconut germplasm collection was done on 35 coconut varieties<br />planted at Mapanget Experimental Garden, ICOPRI in 2005. The<br />prossesing technology of VCO used step heating, and some samples also<br />used fermentation. The VCO samples of 35 coconut varieties was sent to<br />Integrated Laboratory of IPB Bogor to find out the content of fatty acids.<br />The purpose of the study was to know the variability of fatty acid contents,<br />especially for lauric acid content in various coconut varieties as raw<br />materials for VCO. The research result showed that the content of MCFA<br />and lauric acid was influenced by coconut varieties, altitude of coconut<br />palm growth, processing technology of VCO and defferent laboratories for<br />analysis the fatty acids. The result of fatty acids analysis of VCO from 35<br />coconut accessions of ICOPRI germplasm collection found that total of<br />MCFA content on tall coconut is higher than dwarf coconut. Total of<br />MCFA content on tall coconut ranges 47.35%-57.89%, whereas on dwarf<br />coconut it ranges of 45.45%-55.68%. From 35 coconut accessions, there<br />were 10 accessions that showed total MCFA higher than 56% namely:<br />Kinabuhutan Tall, Tontalete Tall, Kalasey Tall, Wusa Tall, Pungkol Tall,<br />Mapanget 55 Tall and Mapanget 99 Tall from North Sulawesi, and then<br />Lubuk Pakam Tall from North Sumatera, Banyuwangi Tall from East Java,<br />and Palu Tall from Central Sulawesi. Lauric acid content of VCO of tall<br />coconut was higher 2%-3% compared to dwarf coconut. Lauric acid<br />content of 35 coconut accessions varied from the lowest 36.04% on Nias<br />Green Dwarf from North Sumatera, up to the highest 44.19% on<br />Kinabuhutan Tall from North Sulawesi. Coconut accessions that have<br />lauric acid content higher than 43% were Kinabuhutan Tall, Totalete tall,<br />Lubuk Pakam Tall, Wusa Tall and Mapanget 55 Tall. The same varieties<br />of tall and hybrid coconut planting on two different altitudes showed the<br />lauric acid content of copra on lowland plain (80 m above sea level) was<br />higher between 1.78% to 3.94% compared to the same varieties on upland<br />plain (450 m above sea level). The fermentation processing technology of<br />VCO has resulted average of lauric acid content are higher between 2.03%<br />to 3.48% on four varieties of coconut tall, from the five varieties. In the<br />future it is necessary to develope the protocol of VCO which is matched<br />with Indonesian National Standardization of VCO.<br />Key words: Coconut, Cocos nucifera, variety, pest harvest, fatty acid,<br />lauric acid, coconut oil, North Sulawes
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