Inflammation plays an important role and is involved in all stages of acute ischemic stroke. One of these stages involves the recruitment of leukocytes from the peripheral circulation into the ischemic tissue. Lymphocytes as a subtype of leukocytes are important mediators and can become a predictor of neurological outcome. Several studies have been conducted regarding the correlation between differential lymphocyte counts and acute ischemic stroke. Most of these studies analyzed lymphocyte ratio to other leukocyte subtypes such as neutrophils and monocytes. This study specifically observed the role of lymphocytes as an indicator of the inflammatory response in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study aimed to observe the correlation among risk factors, infarct location, leukocyte counts, lymphocyte value and neurologic output in acute ischemic stroke patients. Patients and Methods: We observed and analyzed 193 patients' data from medical record which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke at the Department of Neurology of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Bandung. Data were then analysed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Most patients have more than one risk factor with a leukocyte count of less than 10,000 cell/mm 3 . Infarct was mostly located in subcortical area (basal ganglia), with moderate average NIHSS values at admission and at discharge. The number of lymphocytes decreased in the subject group with more than 10,000 cell/mm 3 leukocytes. Subsequently, data were analyzed using Spearman's test and there was a correlation between NIHSS on admission and lymphocyte depletion. Conclusion:The lymphocyte depletion in patients with leukocytosis is a predictor of poor NIHSS.

Purpose Stroke is a significant cause of disability worldwide and is considered a disease caused by long-term exposure to lifestyle-related risk factors. These risk factors influence the first event of stroke and recurrent stroke events, which carry more significant risks for more severe disabilities. This study specifically compared the risk factors and neurological outcome of patients with recurrent ischemic stroke to those who had just experienced their first stroke among patients admitted to the Hospital. Patients and methods We observed and analyzed 300 patients’ data who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This retrospective observational study was conducted on consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to the top referral hospital, West Java, Indonesia. The data displayed are epidemiological characteristics, NIHSS score at admission and discharge, and the type and number of risk factors. Data were then analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results Most patients had more than one risk factor with hypertension as the most frequent (268 subjects or 89.3%). In patients who experienced ischemic stroke for the first time, the average National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was lower (6.52 ± 3.55), and the alteration of NIHSS score was higher (1.22 ± 2.26) than those with recurrent stroke (6.96 ± 3.55) for NIHSS score and 1.21 ± 1.73 for alteration of NIHSS score). We processed the data with statistical analysis and showed a positive correlation between age (P < 0.05) and the number of risk factors (P < 0.001) in the recurrent ischemic stroke group. Conclusions Age and the number of risk factors correlate with recurrent ischemic strokes.

Background: Incidence rate of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Bandung city is still considerably high over the years. There is no well-documented example of the effectiveness of fogging focus and there is no data on fogging focus activities that have been undertaken by Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases in Bandung from year 2010 to 2015.Methods: An analytical observational study with cross sectional design was conducted from September 2016 to November 2016. Population of this research was all DHF patients in Bandung. Data collected was analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient.Results: Correlation between frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases was significant (p<0.05). Correlation coefficient of 0.703 is indicative of a strong positive correlation between the two variables.Conclusions: Frequency of fogging focus and incidence of DHF cases are positively correlated. This indicates that the higher the frequency of fogging focus, the higher the incidence of DHF cases.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that has a high prevalence in Asia, including Indonesia. One of the complications of DM is Peripheral Artery Disease (PAP). Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) measurement is a simple and non-invasive methods that can be used for PAP evaluation. This study aims to provide an overview of the clinical manifestations of PAP and the value of ABI as early detection of PAP in patients with type-2 DM. This research uses quantitative descriptive design studies. The research variables used to assess PAP were ABI values, age, sex, duration of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and clinical manifestations of PAP such as pain, intermittent claudication, muscle atrophy, skin discoloration, sweating, wound healing impairment, and gangrene. This study involved 92 research subjects. From the study we found out that the normal ABI value and the ABI value of the PAP category in patients with type 2 diabetes were 91.3% and 7.6%. The ABI value of the PAP category in DM patients is more commonly found in women (6.5%), adult patients (5.4%), duration of DM up to 2 years (5.4%), and with hypertension (5.4%) . Pain and numbness are the most common clinical manifestations of PAP in DM patients.     Keywords: diabetes mellitus, ankle brachial index, peripheral artery disease.

Posyandu cadres in Cilayung and Cipacing villages have received training in early detection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), namely blood pressure measurements using digital tensimeter in the last two years. This study aims to determine the cadres performation in measuring blood pressure. This research was conducted at the NCDs Integrated Health Post in Cilayung and Cipacing villages with a total sample of 15 posyandu cadres determined by convenience sampling method. Cadres performance was measured by matching the training procedures with the stages carried out by the cadres in the field in measuring blood pressure using digital tensimeter. Measurements were taken blindly ten times (unknown to the cadre), then randomization was carried out and taken three times with simple random method with the provision that seven initial procedures must be carried out in all three measurements because the seven initial procedures affected the measurement results. Frequency is used to describe the cadres performation in using digital tensimeter. The results of the data analysis showed that all units did not take blood pressure measurements according to the procedure. This is mainly due to no a single cadre being able to perform the third procedure, which is to rest for ten minutes and not smoking or consuming tea and coffee in the last thirty minutes. The results of this study show how important this evaluation process is and it is necessary to conduct an in-depth evaluation of the cadre's reasons and the provision of retraining especially in the step that often passed by cadres.