The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of smartphone use on the social personal development of children in school at Al-Marhamah Kindergarten. This study used quantitative methods with cross sectional design. The population in this study were all parents of students and Al-Marhamah kindergarten students in Majalengka Regency with  total sample of 33 mothers  and 33 children. Tthe sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The analysis used univariate by using frequency distribution and bivariate by using Chi Square test with α = (0, 05). The results showed that there was an influence between the use of mobile phones and social personal development of pre-school age children with the probability value p 0.017 <0.05 (Ho was rejected because the value <0.05). Suggestions are proposed for teachers as parents in kindergarten to emphasize that the use of smartphone at home needs to be supervised by parents so that children can wisely use it with  appropriate duration to children age, meanwhile,  parents can play an active role in supervising smartphone use as well as in the process of maturity child development. Keywords: smartphone, social development, pre-school age children

This study aims to determine the effect of the brain gym on the level of concentration in children's learning in fourth-grade elementary school students at SDN Cimalaka II, Cimalaka District, Sumedang Regency. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design using one group pre-test and post-test design. The results showed that the average level of learning concentration in fourth-grade elementary school students before the brain gym was done was 6.18, with a standard deviation of 1.632. Meanwhile, the intermediate level of learning concentration in fourth-grade elementary school students after brain gym is done 7.01 with a standard deviation of 1.291. Bivariate analysis showed that the average increase was 7.09, evidenced by a p-value of 0.001 <0.05. In conclusion, the brain gym affects concentration in children's learning in fourth-grade elementary school students at SDN Cimalaka II, Cimalaka District, Sumedang Regency.   Keywords: Brain Gym, Learning Concentration, Elementary School Students

Hubungan antara sastra dan psikologi memang begitu erat. Karakter tokoh dalam suatu cerita dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan, masyarakat, dan relasi dengan tokoh- tokoh lain Kondisi psikologis seseorang sangat berpengaruh pada segala aktivitas dan dalam karya yang dilakukan. Satu kejadian yang terjadi pada masa lalu seseorang juga sangat berpengaruh dalam membentuk kepribadian manusia. Kemungkinan ada suatu tragedi yang menimpa seseorang waktu kecil akan sangat membentuk konflik batin yang dalam dan nantinya akan  membelenggu psikologi seseorang. Dalam mengkaji struktur, masalah- masalah psikologis umumnya termuat dalam tema. Perkembangan psikologis tokoh terbentang sepanjang alur cerita. Suara kejiwaan terdapat dalam diri tokoh. Konflik antar tokoh tercermin dalam atmosfir dan latar psikologis. Kondisi mental para tokoh tercermin dalam sudut pandang. Gaya mencerminkan cara hidup dan kepribadian para tokoh. Kepribadian tokoh dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologis. Hal ini tentu tidak lepas dari unsur lain pembentuk cerita, seperti alur, tema.dan unsur ekstrinsik. Dari pembahasan singkat tadi, penulis berusaha menggunakan suatu teori psiklogi, yakni dari Lacan untuk meneliti kondisi kejiwaan tokoh utama Madame Baptiste, di mana memang pembentukan karakter dan keadaan psikologi seseorang dimulai dari lingkungan keluarga dan kemudian lingkungan masyarakat.