Für die Kohleveredlung mittels Pyrolyse bzw. Hydrierung ist eine Vorhersage des komplexen Prozessverhaltens einer Kohle von besonderer Bedeutung. Einen Ansatz hierfür bildet die systematische mikropetrographische Untersuchung der festen Prozessrückstände. Dabei wurde eine dreigeteilte Klassifikation erstellt, welche die Residualkomponenten in originäre Kohlenmacerale, verkokte Anteile und den anorganischen Rückstand gliedert. Neben einer allgemeingültigen Nomenklatur werden die Komponenten als Indikatoren für den Prozessablauf angesehen und mögliche Hinweise zur Prozessoptimierung gegeben.
SynopsisA precise method has been developed for the quantitative measurement of individual monomers during suspension polymerization. Since no simplifications or assumptions are made regarding the components of the polymerization system, this method can be used to study the conversion kinetics of monomers in the actual suspension polymerization reaction.
Acta Polymerica 35 (1984) Nr. 9 61 0 f i Y B R r A , THTAPOBA H Ap. : 0 COBMeCTHMOCTH OKCHaJIKnJIeHAHMeTHJICHJIOHCaHOBbIX 6JIOK-COIIOJIHMepOB C BOROfi W IIPOCTbIMH OJIHrO3@HpaMH
To aconic acid, first described in literature by Kekulé, the structure of a β,γ‐butenolide was given by Fittig and Beer. In 1947 Campbell and Hunt put forward arguments for an α,β‐butenolide structure. These arguments were based on a new synthesis of the acid and a comparison of the U.V. absorption spectrum of aconic acid with those of mesaconic acid and itaconic acid. Close inspection of the properties of aconic acid shows however that Campbell and Hunt's synthesis of aconic acid is not proving for its structure.
Moreover these authors drew their spectral conclusions only from curveshapes, so we found it necessary to repeat the U.V. measurements at lower wave lengths. The rightness of the structure proposed by Campbell and Hunt could be proved.
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