Arthroscopic bone block grafting combined with a standard Bankart repair restored shoulder stability in patients with anteroinferior glenohumeral instability with glenoid bone deficit, with excellent clinical and radiological results. This procedure did not substantially limit external rotation, allowing a high rate of return to sports even among competitive, overhead, and "at risk" athletes.

Purpose:With the advent of arthroscopic shoulder surgery the comprehension and description of rotator cuff tears have strongly evolved. Subscapularis tears are difficult to recognize and are underestimated. Our purpose is to report our observations concerning the relative frequency of subscapularis tears in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and to compare the arthroscopic observations with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Materials and Methods:Retrospective cohort study including all patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was performed between March 2006 and March 2009 at our institution. Preoperative MRI findings, intraoperative arthroscopic findings, and details of surgical intervention were collected using medical charts.Results:We reviewed the medical charts of a total of 348 consecutive arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. There were 311 supraspinatus tears (89%), 48 infraspinatus tears (14%), and 129 subscapularis tears (37%). MRI sensitivity and specificity were respectively 0.25 and 0.98 for subscapularis tendon tears, 0.67 and 1.0 for supraspinatus tears and 0.5 and 0.99 for infraspinatus tears.Conclusion:Subscapularis tears are frequent lesions and usually appear concomitantly with supra or infraspinatus lesions. We propose a classification of subscapularis tendon tears, based on our observations of the pathoanatomy of the tears. While concordance with MRI results are good for the supraspinatus, MRI often fails to diagnose the presence of subscapularis tears and infraspinatus tears

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Recurrent anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint has long been an arduous problem to solve surgically, owing to its difficulty to the need to restore both osseous and dynamic constraints in the unstable shoulder. Biomechanical studies have indicated that glenoid bone loss shortens the safe arc through which the glenoid can resist axial forces; in these cases, a soft tissue repair alone may be insufficient to maintain stability. Clinical studies have confirmed that major bone loss is associated with an unfavourable outcome. The benefits of using arthroscopic procedures for surgical stabilization of the shoulder include smaller incisions and less soft tissue dissection, better access for repair and, potentially, the maximum respect for the undamaged anatomical structures. The biggest disadvantage of arthroscopic procedures until recently was the inability to successfully treat a significant bone defect. Over the last 10 years, several new arthroscopic techniques have been developed, providing new surgical options for successfully treating soft tissues and bony lesions in anterior-inferior glenohumeral instability. Level of evidence V.

The Latarjet procedure is a challenging procedure for which a key point is the correct placement of the coracoid graft onto the glenoid neck and correct position of the screws. The present study substantiates a clear benefit for the use of a guide with an arthroscopically-assisted technique in terms of graft and hardware placement. At short-term follow-up, there appears to be a benefit for graft integration and avoidance of resorption.