Partagé par toute l’Europe à l’époque baroque, le thème de la Bohémienne dans les arts a eu une vogue durable. Or il existe très peu d’ouvrages traitant de cet aspect de l’histoire de l’art. La perspective habituelle consiste à opposer l’imaginaire de la « belle égyptienne » aux réalités vagabondes de la « nation errante ». Or cette interprétation repose sur la méconnaissance de l’inscription des bohémiens dans le patronage princier et nobiliaire. À travers l’exemple français et ses influences anglaise et italiennes, nous mettons en évidence un « moment égyptien » de la culture de cour. Nous cherchons à repérer les jeux de compromis qui ont assuré en diverses métamorphoses la pérennité d’une esthétique pratique de la Bohémienne à usage administratif et hédoniste. Common throughout Europe in the Baroque era, the theme of the Gypsy woman in art had an enduring reputation. This specific aspect of art history has been usually neglected; in most literature the theme of the pretty Gypsy woman has been opposed to the vagabond realities of the wandering nation. The above connection lies however on the misunderstanding of the Gypsies’ presence under the patronage of the princes and the nobility. The French case, which has also influenced the English and the Italian ones, reveals a Gypsy moment in the formation of a court culture. A set of compromises has been the source of various transformations in the long life of an aesthetic practice of the theme of the Bohemian woman, the Zingara, for both administrative and hedonistic uses
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