The study's objective was to identify HPA 1a-negative women and to offer them an intervention program aimed to reduce morbidity and mortality of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). HPA 1 typing was performed in 100 448 pregnant women. The HPA 1a-negative women were screened for anti-HPA 1a. In immunized women, delivery was performed by Cesarean section 2 to 4 weeks prior to term, with platelets from HPA 1a-negative donors reserved for immediate transfusion if petechiae were present and/or if platelet count was less than 35 ؋ 10 9 /L. Of the women screened, 2.1% were HPA 1a negative, and anti-HPA 1a was detected in 10.6% of these. One hundred seventy pregnancies were managed according to the intervention program, resulting in 161 HPA 1a-positive children. Of these, 55 had severe thrombocytopenia (< 50 ؋ 10 9 /L), including 2 with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). One woman with a twin pregnancy missed the follow-up and had one stillborn and one severely thrombocytope-

A follow-up was done 7 and 38 months after tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) operation in 1,113 women with mixed urinary incontinence. Mixed incontinence and predominant bother were subjectively defined. The results were analyzed according to the women's predominant bother: stress incontinence, urge incontinence, or stress and urge incontinence equally. Across the groups, stress incontinence was cured in 87 and 83% of the women at 7 and 38 months, respectively, with no difference between the three groups. Women with predominant stress incontinence had significantly better results at both 7 and 38 months than those in the other groups, especially those predominantly bothered by urge incontinence. Women with mixed incontinence were significantly more often cured both objectively and subjectively at 7 than 38 months. Only 11% of the women experienced an increase in urge incontinence 38 months after TVT. Before a TVT operation, women with mixed urinary incontinence should be informed that their prognosis depends on their predominant bother. TVT is an appropriate treatment in mixed urinary incontinence, but women with predominant urge incontinence have poorer results than those with predominant stress incontinence.

Aims: The aims of our study were (1) to investigate subjective and objective outcomes after tension free vaginal tape (TVT) operations in mixed incontinent women, (2) to detect if preoperative subjective and objective variables predict the outcome, and (3) to evaluate whether the surgical outcome is di¡erent for women who preoperatively ¢nd stress incontinence, urge incontinence, or urge and stress incontinence equally the predominant bother. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 450 mixed incontinent women. A short-form disease-speci¢c validated questionnaire, 24-hr pad test, standardized stress test, residual urine, and maximum urinary £ow were used before and after a TVT operation. ''Cure'' was de¢ned as a condition where the women were very satis¢ed with the TVT operation and had negative stress-and 24 hr pad tests. Results: Preoperatively 69% had stress incontinence, 7% urge incontinence, and 24% urge and stress incontinence equally as the predominant bother. Cure rates were 80%, 52%, and 60%, respectively, in these groups. Postoperatively 43% of the women had no urge incontinence, while 49% were less, and only 8% were more bothered by urge incontinence. A higher preoperative urge incontinence index was correlated with signi¢cantly higher postoperative bother for all indices and leakage during 24-hr pad test. Conclusions: Mixed incontinent women with predominant stress incontinence had a better cure rate than those with predominant urge incontinence and those who were equally bothered by urge and stress incontinence. This point needs to be addressed when informing mixed incontinent women before a TVT operation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26: 115^121, 2007. ß 2006

Our results are consistent with activated coagulation in the placental vessels in preeclampsia. A low concentration of PAI-2 antigen in plasma emerged as the most consistent risk factor for preeclampsia and FGR.

Alloimmunization against the RhD antigen is the most common cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Antenatal anti-D prophylaxis in addition to postnatal anti-D prophylaxis reduces the number of RhD-immunizations compared to only postnatal administration. Cell-free fetal DNA released from the apoptotic trophoblastic placental cells into the maternal circulation can be used to determine the fetal RHD type in a blood sample from an RhD negative mother. Based on this typing, antenatal anti-D prophylaxis can be recommended only to RhD negative women carrying an RhD positive fetus, since only these women are at risk of developing anti-D. The objective was to establish and validate a method for non-invasive fetal RHD typing. The fetal RHD genotype was studied in 373 samples from RhD negative pregnant women (median gestational week 24). DNA extracted from plasma was analyzed for the presence/absence of RHD exon 7 and 10 in a real-time PCR. The RHD genotype of the fetus was compared with the serological RhD type of the newborn. In 234 samples, the fetal RHD test was positive and in 127 samples negative. There was one false positive and no false negative results. In 12 samples, the fetal RHD type could not be determined, in all of them due to a maternal RHD gene. This method gives a reliable detection of fetal RHD positivity in plasma from RhD negative pregnant women. Antenatal anti-D prophylaxis based on the predicted fetal RhD type will avoid unnecessary treatment of pregnant women carrying an RhD negative fetus.