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Abstract-With the explosion of wireless communications in number of users and data rates, the reduction of network power consumption becomes more and more critical. This is especially true for base stations which represent a dominant share of the total power in cellular networks. In order to study power reduction techniques, a convenient power model is required, providing estimates of the power consumption in different scenarios. This paper proposes such a model, accurate but simple to use. It evaluates the base station power consumption for different types of cells supporting the 3GPP LTE standard. It is flexible enough to enable comparisons between state-of-the-art and advanced configurations, and an easy adaptation to various scenarios. The model is based on a combination of base station components and sub-components as well as power scaling rules as functions of the main system parameters.

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The industrial wireless automation sector exhibitsa huge market growth in the last years. Today, many applicationsalready use wireless technologies. However, the existingwireless solutions do not yet offer sufficient performance withrespect to real-time and reliability requirements, particularlyfor closed-loop control applications. As a result, low latencywireless communication technologies will bridge the gap andcan become a key factor for the wide-spread penetration ofwireless in industrial communication systems. It is therefore themain goal of this paper to provide a comprehensive overviewon requirements, current solutions, and challenges as well asopportunities for future wireless industrial systems. Thereby,presented requirement figures, analysis results, and performanceevaluations are based on numerous practical examples fromindustry