Autor u radu analizira kondikcijske zahtjeve u rimskom pravu u situacijama u kojima je na određeni način postojala turpitudo, odnosno nemoralnost. U tu svrhu najprije obrađuje kondikcijske zahtjeve u sva tri rimska postupovna oblika, legisakcijskom postupku per condictionem, formularnoj condictio te različitim condictiones postklasičnog i Justinijanovog prava u kognicijskom, odnosno ekstraordinarnom postupku. Zatim se iznosi problematika značenja koje su termini turpitudo i turpis imali u rimskom pravu. Središnji dio rada jest analiza izvora, u kojoj se autor posebno bavi tipologijom slučajeva kondiciranja ob turpem rem, odnosno analizira condictio ob turpem (vel iniustam) causam u Justinijanovoj kodifikaciji. Analizirajući literaturu o predmetnoj problematici, naposljetku daje reinterpretaciju funkcija kondiciranja ob turpem rem u rimskom pravu, uz sugeriranje mogućeg objašnjenja njenog podrijetla te posljedično položaja i važnosti u općem rimskom kondikcijskom sustavu.

The author analyses bona fides, or possession in good faith, as a prerequisite of the canonical praescriptio acquisitiva and the adverse possession as set forth in contemporary Croatian law in their interrelationship. The problem stems from the fact that the Treaty between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia on legal matters, being an international treaty and thus having precedence over Croatian laws according to the Croatian constitution, in certain circumstances allows for a direct application of canon law within the Croatian legal system. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether this also applies to bona fides in adverse possession, and if so, in which way exactly. The canonical praescriptio in the context of the Roman legal tradition is analysed first in order to clarify certain terminological and conceptual discrepancies between canon law and Croatian law in this field. Bona fides regarding usucapio and praescriptio of Roman law and the Roman legal tradition is then particularly addressed. The central part of the paper deals with canonical bona fides, where it is specifically noted that it is a stricter standard in comparison to good faith as found in Croatian law. Canon law requires positive good faith throughout the whole required prescription period, meaning knowledge or a reasonable possibility of knowledge of having a right to possess, not infringing the right of another thereby. On the other hand, Croatian law requires knowledge or possibility of knowledge at the outset, while later on only acquired knowledge will render possession illicit. In addition, the Croatian standard of good faith is conceived more simply in comparison to the twofold canonical standard, i.e. only as the absence of knowledge or possibility of knowledge of not having a right to possess. Although both systems presume good faith, those differences may prove crucial if an interested party (owner of property being prescribed) offers evidence to the contrary. Finally, our analysis of the Treaty between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia on legal matters revealed that the canonical standard of bona fides should be applied whenever a juridical person of the Catholic Church in Croatia acquires property by means of adverse possession, but by all accounts also when any other person acquires Church property in the same way.

In this article the author analyses the problem of the philosophical background of the condictio claims in classical Roman law from three different aspects. First he deals with the issue of the apparent origins of the philosophical principles and concepts associated with condictio claims in sources such as ius naturale, aequitas, natura, etc. After dismissing the possibility of their postclassical origin, the focus of the analysis shifts to the possible influences of certain Greek philosophical schools on them, namely the Peripatetics and the Stoics. Finally, the actual reach of such influence is discussed.

U ponedjeljak 17. siječnja 2022. godine, na tmuran i sumoran zimski dan, svega nekoliko mjeseci prije pedesetog rođendana, Marko Petrak napustio je ovaj svijet. Ovaj iznenadan i iznimno šokantan događaj snažno i bolno pogodio je mnoge – njegovu obitelj te zaista nebrojene prijatelje i kolege u cijeloj Hrvatskoj, od Zagreba do Konavala, ali i u cijeloj Europi i svijetu. U takvim trenucima riječi, zaista, kao ni tekstovi, ne mogu ni približno dočarati bol i težinu tog događaja za sve koji su ga poznavali i s njime živjeli ili surađivali. U korespondenciji koja je uslijedila neposredno nakon nemilog događaja s nekim njemu bliskim kolegama u inozemstvu mogu se istaknuti samo neki, možda teže prevodivi, izričaji koji su se koristili – am Boden zerstört ili perdita di equilibrio. No smrt je uvijek takva, a posebno kad nastupi, kako bi rekao otac Marka Petraka, veliki hrvatski pjesnik i akademik Nikica Petrak, koji nas je također nažalost napustio 2016. godine, “potpuno besmislena smrt iza ugla”. Naravno, kad umru veliki ljudi, velikani, kakav je nedvojbeno bio Marko Petrak, onda su bol i praznina na mnogim razinama utoliko veći. No Marko Petrak bio je mnogo više od velikog čovjeka. Naime, on je bio dobar čovjek. A dobri ljudi iza sebe ostavljaju dobra djela.

This paper analyses the issue of recognition of canon marriage (matrimonium) that has been concluded in the Vatican City State and also the effects of decisions of church courts on marriage in the Republic of Croatia. Firstly, the authors elaborate the issue of the status of the state and legal order of the Vatican City State, including its regulation of marriage. After the initial findings the question of recognition of marriage concluded in the Vatican City State in the Republic of Croatia is analysed. The conclusion in this aspect is that such a marriage is recognised in Croatia and its registration in the personal status record should be facilitated. In the following chapters the authors first analyse all the potentially relevant church courts’ decisions that concern canon marriage in the Vatican City State. Thereafter, they elaborate whether such decisions may be recognized in Croatia given the fact that church, and not state, courts decide on the issue. Given the specificities of the Vatican City State that are evidenced in the fact that those decisions have direct effect, the authors conclude that such decisions are to be generally differentiated from church courts’ decisions. Finally, the paper deals with the application of Art. 13/4 of the Agreement on legal issues between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia that regulates how church decisions on marriage are given effect in Croatia. However, without further legislative steps, the courts cannot apply the rule. So far, such steps have not been taken and the concerned parties can only gain civil effects of cessation of marriage through civil courts.