ABSTRACT. Nitrogen fertilization ensures productivity and persistency of pastures, but may be expensive. Perennial forage peanut, becomes an interesting alternative for N supply. Little is known about its use under grazing. The objective of this study was to evaluate regrowth process of forage peanut using an experimental protocol analogous to tropical forage grasses under rotational grazing. Treatments corresponded to two pre-(95% and maximum canopy light interception -LI 95% and LI Max ) and two postgrazing (post-grazing heights of 40 and 60% of pre-grazing height) conditions, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (n = 4). Targets of LI pre-grazing affected pregrazing height and LI post-grazing. The residual sward LAI did not vary, resulting in similar grazing interval. Greater rates and total herbage accumulation were recorded for LI Max target, consequence of the greater accumulation of stolons at the lower strata of the swards. Greater percentage of leaflets was recorded for the LI 95% target. Given the stoloniferous growth habit of forage peanut, stolon accumulation in the lower strata of the sward do not represent a limitation to leaf accumulation and morphological composition. The greater pre-grazing sward height associated with the LI Max target facilitate herbage prehension and intake, further investigation is needed.Keywords: intermittent stocking, sward structure, pre-grazing height, botanical/morphological composition, grazing management.Estrutura do dossel, interceptação de luz e acúmulo de forragem em amendoim-forrageiro cv. Belmonte submetido a estratégias de pastejo rotativo RESUMO. A adubação nitrogenada assegura produtividade e persistência de pastagens, mas pode ser onerosa. O amendoim forrageiro é alternativa, porém são escassas informações sobre seu manejo sob pastejo. Objetivou-se avaliar o processo de rebrotação do amendoim forrageiro, utilizando procedimento análogo ao utilizado para gramíneas tropicais sob pastejo rotativo. Os tratamentos corresponderam a combinações entre duas condições pré-pastejo (95% e máxima interceptação luminosa pelo dossel -IL 95% e IL Máx ) e duas condições pós-pastejo (alturas de 40 e 60% da altura pré-pastejo), segundo arranjo fatorial 2x2 e delineamento de blocos completos casualizados (n = 4). A IL pré-pastejo afetou a altura pré-pastejo e IL pós-pastejo. O IAF residual não variou entre tratamentos, resultando em intervalo entre pastejos semelhantes. Maior taxa e acúmulo de forragem foram verificados para a meta IL Máx , devido ao maior acúmulo de estolões nos estratos inferiores. Maior porcentagem de folíolos foi verificada para a meta IL 95% . Devido ao seu hábito de crescimento estolonífero, o acúmulo de estolões do amendoim forrageiro em estratos inferiores do dossel não comprometeu o acúmulo de folhas nos estratos superiores. Maior altura de entrada nos pastos manejados com a meta IL Máx pode representar maior facilidade de preensão e consumo de forragem, fato que necessita de estudos adicionais.Palavras-chave: lotação in...

This study aimed to characterize Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu seasonal production (seasonality) and its variation (climate risk) yearlong throughout Brazil. Data from weather stations in Brazil (1963Brazil ( -2009, were associated with an empirical herbage accumulation rate (HAR; kg DM ha -1 day -1 ) model which considers growing degree-days adjusted by a drought attenuation index. Simulations were performed under 20, 40, 60 and 100 mm of soil water holding capacities (SWHCs). HAR's means and standard deviations were calculated for the seasons of the year. Thereafter, cluster analysis and calculations were performed to gather similar weather stations and characterize seasonality and climate risk indexes. Cluster analysis resulted in four Groups per SWHC. The north of Brazil (Group 1) presented the lowest seasonality and climate risk indexes and low need for precautions. In the middle west (Group 2), the seasonality index ranged from medium-high to high. Winter and Summer presented the lowest and highest production, respectively. In the south of Brazil, some regions in the southeast and northeast (Group 3), Winter presented the lowest production and highest climate risk index, probably due to low temperatures. The northeast (Group 4) presented a seasonality index that ranged from medium-high to very high and low productions.

Context Tall bunch-type tropical forage grasses are known for their rapid (true) stem elongation late in the regrowth cycle, even during the vegetative phase. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the stem and pseudostem growth pattern of ‘Mombaça’ guineagrass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) BK Simon & SWL Jacobs] grown in field conditions and how this relates to its high biomass accumulation during long regrowth cycles. Methods A guineagrass field was managed from December 2017 to January 2019, in three regrowth cycles of 10, 14 and 12 weeks duration. Individual tillers were assessed weekly to measure stem, pseudostem and leaf elongation, leaf appearance; and angle of insertion of the leaves. Aboveground biomass samples were taken weekly for biomass accumulation and leaf area index assessment. Key results At the beginning of each regrowth cycle, the pseudostem elongated while the stem length remained constant. Subsequently, the pseudostem length reached a plateau, while the stem length increased at a constant rate. Because of a positive relationship between pseudostem and leaf laminae lengths, the long pseudostem ensured the formation of long leaves in tall tillers and positive net leaf elongation in long regrowth cycles. Conclusions The high biomass accumulation reflected the continuous positive net leaf elongation by the tillers and was underpinned by the younger leaves being more erect than the older ones, allowing for lower self-shading of the older leaves and greater leaf tissue retention. Implications The high production of tropical forage grasses in late regrowth should be utilised with caution, as it is underpinned by stem elongation and meristem elevation.

Silvopastoral systems (SPSs) are sustainable alternatives for pasture intensification. Management practices such as thinning are options to diminish competition for resources between pasture and trees, ensuring appropriate forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and nutritive traits of Piatã palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã) after thinning the forest component of a SPS. Forage production and nutritive value, along with microclimate variables were assessed in a SPS and in an intensive system (INT) in São Carlos-SP, Brazil, from 2016 to 2018. The INT was a full sun pasture of Piatã palisadegrass, while the SPS was established with Piatã palisadegrass shaded by eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis clone GG100) spaced 15 × 2 m but thinned to 15 × 4 m before the onset of the experiment. In the SPS, measurements were made under the tree row (SPS_1), 3.75-m (SPS_2), 7.5-m (SPS_3) and 11.25-m (SPS_4) distant from the North row. Forage accumulation in the two systems were similar, whereas the pre-grazing forage mass in most of the SPS positions were smaller than that of the INT during the autumn of 2017 and summer of 2018. Crude protein (CP) content was greater in the SPS than in the INT in most positions and seasons. Forage production was favoured by the thinning of the trees mainly in the seasons close to the event, while forage CP was consistently greater in the understory pasture. Thinning of trees in SPSs can be adopted to provide forage production similar to intensive pastures with higher protein content.