The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Three different models of spray nozzles with air induction (AI 11003, TTI 11003 and AD-IA 11004), three spray pressures (207, 413 and 720 kPa), four different additives for tank mixtures (cane molasses, mineral oil, vegetable oil and glycerin) and the influence of tank mixture stirring time were all evaluated for their effect on EPN (Steinernema feltiae) viability and pathogenicity. The different nozzles, at pressures of up to 620 kPa, were found to be compatible with S. feltiae. Vegetable oil, mineral oil and molasses were found to be compatible adjuvants for S. feltiae, and stirring in a motorized backpack sprayer for 30 minutes did not impact the viability or pathogenicity of this nematode. Appropriate techniques for the application of nematodes with backpack sprayers are discussed.
ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate a means of controlling ASR (Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow) by applying reduced fungicide volumes in association with spray nozzles using either hydraulic or centrifugal energy. Two experiments resulted from that objective: soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merril) of the 'BRS Valiosa RR' cultivar were grown at the Experimental Farm of the University of São Paulo State (Unesp) in Jaboticabal, Brazil. The treatments were distributed in the field according to a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the volumes of 50, 100, and 150 L ha with the droplets formed by centrifugal energy was the least efficient and resulted in the highest rust severity and the lowest grain yield.Keywords: spray nozzle, coverage, deposition, Glycine max, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, disease severity.Volume de calda em pulverização por energia hidráulica e centrífuga empregado no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja RESUMO. O objetivo da realização deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle da ferrugem asiática da soja (Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow) em função do uso de menores volumes de aplicação associados a bicos de pulverização de energia hidráulica e centrífuga. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com a cultura da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril) cultivar "BRS Valiosa RR', em área experimental da Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos volumes de 50, 100 e 150 L ha -1 (gotas produzidas por energia hidráulica) e 17, 35 e 50 L ha -1 (gotas produzidas por energia centrífuga), mais um tratamento adicional sem aplicação do fungicida. O volume de 150 L ha -1 com gotas formadas por energia hidráulica proporcionou maior controle do patógeno pelo fungicida azoxystrobina e cyproconazole em relação aos demais tratamentos. Aplicações com o volume de 17 L ha -1 com gotas formadas por energia centrífuga foi menos eficiente com maior severidade da ferrugem asiática e menor produtividade.Palavras-chave: bico de pulverização, cobertura, deposição, Glycine max, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, severidade da doença.
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