Flotation is an important process used in the concentration of iron ores. One of the challenges for process engineers is the low metallurgical recovery associated mainly with the fines fraction. In this work, the use of synthetic flocculants in iron ore reverse cationic flotation was investigated. The flocculants utilised were polyacrylamides of high molecular weight and different ionic degrees. Bench scale flotation tests were performed to compare the flotation performance with and without addition of polyacrylamides. It was observed that cationic and non-ionic polyacrylamides cause a significant increase in the metallurgical recovery. The anionic flocculant did not improve the flotation performance. An adverse effect was a slight increase in the silica content of the concentrate. Flotation with polyacrylamides was influenced by the hydrodynamic conditions of the pulp, such as agitation and the weight percentage of solids in the flocculant conditioning and flotation stages.
ResumoO projeto Minas-Rio da Anglo American iniciou suas operações em agosto de 2014 e tem capacidade para produção de 26,5 milhões de toneladas naturais por ano de pellet feed. O sistema contempla a exploração e concentração da jazida localizada no município de Conceição do Mato Dentro (MG), bombeamento do concentrado por 529 km até o município de São João da Barra (RJ), onde ocorrem a filtragem, estocagem e embarque do produto final através de navios. Desde a concepção do projeto até os dias de hoje, diversos estudos foram realizados objetivando-se entender o comportamento das diferentes litologias de minérios nas etapas de processamento mineral. Desses, os mais relevantes focaram nas duas principais litologias do depósito: o itabirito resultante da intemperização da matriz (IF) e o próprio saprólito (IT). Os principais pontos de investigação foram o comportamento dos mesmos perante as etapas de cominuição e concentração. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica das diversas comparações de desempenho perante a cominuição dessas duas litologias. Além disso, são apresentados e discutidos resultados inéditos do desempenho na flotação quando concentrado separadamente ou como uma mistura. Os resultados disponíveis na literatura mostram que, ao contrário do que se imagina, o itabirito natural não apresenta consumo energético significativamente maior nas etapas de cominuição. Os testes de flotação, por sua vez, mostraram que o desempenho é diferenciado, em função do grau de liberação dos mesmos. Palavras-chave: Cominuição; Concentração; Itabirito; Pellet feed; Minas-Rio; Serra do Sapo. MINERAL PROCESSING PERFORMANCE OF TWO ITABIRATES TYPES FROM SERRA DO SAPO AbstractThe Minas Rio project from Anglo American started its operation in August 2014 and has a production capacity equal to 26.5 million tons of natural pellet feed per year. The system comprehends the ore exploitation and concentration in Conceição do Mato Dentro (MG), concentrate pumping through 529 km to São João da Barra town (RJ), where the concentrate is filtered, stocked and loaded in client's vessels. Since the project design to now, many studies were performed aiming to understand the different lithologies behaviors during mineral processing. The most significant focused on two main lithologies: the itabirite resulted from matrix's weathering (IF) and the saprolite (IT). The main investigation points were their performance during comminution and concentration. This work aims to present a bibliographic review of many evaluation performed to compare their comminution performance. Furthermore, the unpublished results regarding flotation of these lithologies, alone and in a mixture are shown. The references proved that, contrary to what is foreseen, the primary itabirite does not present significantly higher specific energy consumption in the comminution stages. In the flotation tests, on the other hand, the performance was different, as a function of liberation degree.
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