Use of newer therapies for HIV was associated with a large benefit in terms of mortality that was not diminished by any increase in the rate of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events or related mortality. Fear of accelerated vascular disease need not compromise antiretroviral therapy over the short term. However, prolonged survival among HIV infected patients means that longer-term observation and analysis are required.

The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on survival in HIV-infected patients with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is unknown. Our study examines survival after HAART for these 2 malignancies. Analyses were performed using data from 387 HIVinfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) after a diagnosis of either KS or NHL in 1990 -99. Potential prognostic factors, including HAART, were evaluated in univariate analyses using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and logrank tests. Multivariate survival analyses were conducted using Cox's time-dependent proportional hazards models, adjusting for CD4؉ cell levels at the time of cancer diagnosis and other covariates. Forty-three of 287 KS patients (15%) and 13 of 100 NHL patients (13%) had been treated with HAART. HAART treatment was associated with improved survival for KS and NHL patients (log-rank p ‫؍‬ 0.0001 for each group). In multivariate analyses, HAART was associated with an 81% reduced risk of death among KS patients [relative hazard (